正在进行的下一次月球（和水下）漫步模拟的准备工作

正在进行的下一次月球（和水下）漫步模拟的准备工作

ByNASA中文

City lights stretch across the United States like a string of holiday lights in this image taken from the International Space Station on Nov. 10, 2023. At far left, the lights of Chicago, Illinois, are outlined by Lake Michigan. At far right, the Dallas/Fort Worth metropolitan area shines through the clouds while the sun’s first rays start to light up Earth’s atmosphere (at top). Since the space station became operational in November 2000, crew members have produced hundreds of thousands of images of the land, oceans, and atmosphere of Earth. Their photographs of Earth record how the planet changes over time due to human activity and natural events. This allows scientists to monitor disasters and direct response on the ground and study phenomena, from the…

堪萨斯州上空的陆龙卷

堪萨斯州上空的陆龙卷

ByNASA中文

2023年11月29日 A Landspout Tornado over Kansas Image Credit & Copyright: Brad Hannon Explanation: Could there be a tornado inside another tornado? In general, no. OK, but could there be a tornado inside a wider dust devil? No again, for one reason because tornados comes down from the sky, but dust devils rise up from the ground. What is pictured is a landspout, an unusual type of tornado known to occur on the edge of a violent thunderstorm. The featured landspout was imaged and identified in Kansas, USA, in June 2019 by an experienced storm chaser. The real tornado is in the center, and the outer sheath was possibly created by large dust particles thrown out from the central tornado. So far, the only planet known…

詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜：英仙座中一颗著名的原恒星

詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜：英仙座中一颗著名的原恒星

ByNASA中文

这张来自NASA/ESA/CSA詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜拍摄的本月新照片揭示了赫比格-哈罗天体797（HH 797）的复杂细节。赫比格-哈罗天体是新生恒星（被称为原恒星）周围的发光区域，由这些新生恒星喷出的恒星风或气体喷流形成激波，与附近的气体和尘埃高速碰撞时形成。HH 797占据了图像的下半部分，它位于年轻的疏散星团IC 348附近，IC 348位于英仙座暗云复合体的东部边缘附近。图像上方明亮的红外物体被认为是另外两颗原恒星的宿主。 这张照片是由韦伯的近红外相机（NIRCam）拍摄。红外成像在研究新生恒星及其外流方面非常强大，因为最年轻的恒星总是镶嵌在形成它们的气体和尘埃中。恒星外流的红外辐射穿透了遮蔽的气体和尘埃，使赫比格-哈罗天体成为韦伯灵敏红外仪器观测的理想对象。在湍流条件下被激发的分子，包括氢分子和一氧化碳分子，会发出红外线，韦伯可以收集红外线来观察喷流的结构。NIRCam特别擅长观测因冲击而激发的热（数千摄氏度）分子。 图片：英仙座的原恒星 NASA/ESA/CSA詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜揭示了赫比格-哈罗天体797（HH 797）的复杂细节。赫比格-哈罗天体是新生恒星（被称为原恒星）周围的发光区域，由这些新生恒星喷出的恒星风或气体喷流形成激波，与附近的气体和尘埃高速碰撞时形成。HH 797占据了图像的下半部分，它位于年轻的疏散星团IC 348附近，IC 348位于英仙座暗云复合体的东部边缘附近。图像上方明亮的红外物体被认为是另外两颗原恒星的宿主。这张照片是由韦伯的近红外相机（NIRCam）拍摄。 影像来源：ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, T. Ray (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies) 通过地面观测，研究人员先前发现，对于与HH 797相关的冷分子气体，大部分红移气体（远离我们）位于南方（右下），而蓝移气体（向我们移动）位于北方（左下）。在流出物中也发现了一个梯度，这样在与年轻的中央恒星给定的距离上，喷流东部边缘气体的速度比西部边缘气体的速度红移得更多。过去的天文学家认为这是由于喷流的旋转。然而，在这张更高分辨率的韦伯图像中，我们可以看到，被认为是一个流出的东西实际上是由两个几乎平行的流出物组成，它们有各自独立的一系列激波（这解释了速度的不对称性）。这个位于小暗区（中心右下方）的源，从以前的观测中已经知道，因此不是一颗单星，而是一颗双星。每颗恒星都在产生自己戏剧性的喷流。在这张图像中还可以看到其他的喷流，包括中央右上方的原恒星及其被照亮的腔壁。 HH 797位于HH 211正北方（相隔约30角秒），这是韦伯在2023年9月发布的图像的特征。 参考来源： https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/webb-telescope-a-prominent-protostar-in-perseus/

微型水手-C

微型水手-C

ByNASA中文

A model of the Mariner-C spacecraft seems to float in the darkness of space in this photo from a June 1964 Conference on New Technology at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland. Mariner-C and Mariner-D were identical spacecraft designed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory to fly by Mars and photograph the Martian surface. Mariner-C was launched on Nov. 4, 1964, but the mission ended unsuccessfully two days later. Mariner-D, or Mariner 4, launched on Nov. 28, 1964, and became the first successful mission to Mars, as well as the first mission to photograph a planet from space. Build your own models of spacecraft currently exploring space. Image Credit: NASA 这张1964年6月在NASA克利夫兰格伦研究中心举行的新技术会议上拍摄的照片中，水手-C号宇宙飞船的模型似乎漂浮在黑暗的太空中。 水手-C和水手-D是由NASA喷气推进实验室设计的一模一样的航天器，目的是飞越火星并拍摄火星表面。水手C号于1964年11月4日发射，但两天后任务失败。水手-D或水手4号于1964年11月28日发射，成为第一个成功的火星任务，也是第一个从太空拍摄行星的任务。 建造你自己的正在探索太空的宇宙飞船模型。 图片来源: NASA

朱诺号影像: 木卫三

朱诺号影像: 木卫三

ByNASA中文

2023年11月28日 Ganymede from Juno Image Credit & Copyright: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS; Processing & License: Kevin M. Gill; Explanation: What does the largest moon in the Solar System look like? Jupiter‘s moon Ganymede, larger than even Mercury and Pluto, has an icy surface speckled with bright young craters overlying a mixture of older, darker, more cratered terrain laced with grooves and ridges. The cause of the grooved terrain remains a topic of research, with a leading hypothesis relating it to shifting ice plates. Ganymede is thought to have an ocean layer that contains more water than Earth — and might contain life. Like Earth’s Moon, Ganymede keeps the same face towards its central planet, in this case Jupiter. The featured image was captured in 2021 by NASA’s robotic…

节日北极光

节日北极光

ByNASA中文

The spectacular aurora borealis, or the “northern lights,” over Canada is sighted from the space station near the highest point of its orbital path. The station’s main solar arrays are seen in the left foreground. Image Credit: NASA 从轨道最高点附近的空间站可以看到加拿大上空壮观的北极光。空间站的主要太阳能电池阵列在左侧前景。 图片来源: NASA

LBN 86: 鹰魟星云

LBN 86: 鹰魟星云

ByNASA中文

2023年11月27日 LBN 86: The Eagle Ray Nebula Image Credit & Copyright: Vikas Chander Explanation: This eagle ray glides across a cosmic sea. Officially cataloged as SH2-63 and LBN 86, the dark nebula is composed of gas and dust that just happens to appear shaped like a common ocean fish. The interstellar dust nebula appears light brown as it blocks and reddens visible light emitted behind it. Dark nebulas glow primarily in infrared light, but also reflect visible light from surrounding stars. The dust in dark nebulas is usually sub-millimeter chunks of carbon, silicon, and oxygen, frequently coated with frozen carbon monoxide and nitrogen. Dark nebulas are also known as molecular clouds because they also contain relatively high amounts of molecular hydrogen and larger molecules. Previously…

黑洞吞噬一颗恒星

黑洞吞噬一颗恒星

ByNASA中文

A disk of hot gas swirls around a black hole in this illustration from Dec. 20, 2022. A long stream of hot gas on the right, coming from a star that was pulled apart by the black hole, feeds into the disk. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech 在2022年12月20日的这幅插图中，一个热气盘围绕着一个黑洞旋转。右边是一条长长的热气流，来自一颗被黑洞撕裂的恒星，流入吸积盘。 影像来源：NASA/JPL-Caltech

源自彗星67P表面的尘埃喷流

源自彗星67P表面的尘埃喷流

ByNASA中文

2023年11月26日 A Dust Jet from the Surface of Comet 67P Image Credit: ESA, Rosetta, MPS, OSIRIS; UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA Explanation: Where do comet tails come from? There are no obvious places on the nuclei of comets from which the jets that create comet tails emanate. In 2016, though, ESA’s Rosetta spacecraft not only imaged a jet emerging from Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, but flew right through it. Featured is a telling picture showing a bright plume emerging from a small circular dip bounded on one side by a 10-meter high wall. Analyses of Rosetta data show that the jet was composed of both dust and water-ice. The rugged but otherwise unremarkable terrain indicates that something likely happened far under the porous surface to create the plume. This image was…