NASA·每日一图

Cerberus Fossae是一个陡峭的一组槽，在Elysium Mons以东切割火山平原。 火星上的陡坡有活跃的滑坡(也称为“崩坏作用”)，这里我们看到了两种活动的证据。 首先，斜坡上浅蓝色的巨石似乎起源于剖面顶部附近的基岩层(也是浅蓝色)。其次，深色细线是反复出现的坡线，可能也是由于崩坏作用导致，但其由较细粒度的材料组成。 这张照片是由火星勘测轨道飞行器上的HiRISE相机拍摄的。 Cerberus Fossae is a steep-sided set of troughs cutting volcanic plains to the east of Elysium Mons. Steep slopes on Mars have active landslides (also called “mass wasting”), and here we see evidence for two types of activity. First, the light bluish boulders on the slope appear to originate at a layer of bedrock (also light blue) near the top of the section. Second, the dark thin lines are recurring slope lineae, probably also due to mass wasting, but composed of finer-grained materials. This image was captured by the HiRISE camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

为了庆祝美国宇航局哈勃太空望远镜于1990年4月24日发射29周年，天文学家拍摄了一张触角状南蟹状星云的照片。 这个星云的正式名称是Hen 2-104，位于南半球人马座，距离地球几千光年。它似乎有两个嵌套的沙漏状结构，由双星系统中一对旋转的恒星雕刻而成。这两颗恒星由一颗老化的红巨星和一颗烧毁的白矮星组成。红巨星正在脱落它的外层。一些喷射出的物质被伴星白矮星的引力所吸引。 结果是，这两颗恒星都嵌在一个扁平的气体盘中，气体盘在它们之间伸展开来。这条物质带限制了气体的流出，所以它只在圆盘的上方和下方加速。结果是一个沙漏状星云。 这张艺术家对南蟹状星云形成的印象说明了它的沙漏共享结构，这是由其中心的一对恒星——红巨星和白矮星——之间的相互作用产生的。这颗红巨星在其生命的最后阶段，也就是它作为白矮星的最后几年，正在剥离它的外层。 In celebration of the 29th anniversary of the launch of NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope on April 24, 1990, astronomers captured an image of the tentacled Southern Crab Nebula. The nebula, officially known as Hen 2-104, is located several thousand light-years from Earth in the southern hemisphere constellation of Centaurus. It appears to have two nested hourglass-shaped structures that were sculpted by a whirling pair of stars in a binary system. The duo consists of an aging red giant star and a burned-out star, a white dwarf. The red giant is shedding its outer layers. Some of this ejected material is attracted by the gravity of the companion white dwarf. The result is that both stars are embedded in a flat…

2017年9月，大西洋酝酿着几场大飓风。这张飓风和我们的家园星球的照片是由NASA/NOAA Suomi-NPP上的可视红外成像辐射计套件(VIIRS)仪器在2017年9月6日拍摄的。 60年来，NASA一直利用太空的优势来更好地了解我们的地球，改善生活。一个名为“美国太空”(Space for U.S.)的互动网站强调了美国宇航局的地球观测在许多方面帮助人们加强美国各地的社区，并就公共卫生、灾难应对和恢复以及环境保护做出明智的决定。 今年的地球日，美国宇航局邀请公众在社交媒体上分享他们对地球的看法。 In September 2017, the Atlantic Ocean was brewing with several large hurricanes. This view of the hurricanes, and our home planet, was created by assembling images acquired throughout Sept. 6, 2017 by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument on the joint NASA/NOAA Suomi-NPP. For six decades, NASA has used the vantage point of space to better understand our home planet and improve lives. A new interactive website called Space for U.S. highlights some of the many ways that NASA’s Earth observations help people strengthen communities across the United States and make informed decisions about public health, disaster response and recovery, and environmental protection. This Earth Day, NASA is asking the public to share their view of our…

当国际空间站在南印度洋上空265英里的轨道上运行时，大约在马达加斯加和南极洲之间，宇航员们拍下了这张南极光的照片。 As the International Space Station orbited 265 miles above the southern Indian Ocean about halfway between Madagascar and Antarctica, the crew snapped this image of the Aurora Australis, also known as the Southern Lights. Image Credit: NASA

2019年4月17日星期三，诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司的安塔瑞斯火箭在弗吉尼亚州瓦勒普斯飞行基地发射后，一道彩虹出现在发射现场。诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司为美国宇航局向国际空间站提供的第11次合同货物补给任务，将向轨道实验室及其宇航员运送约7600磅的科学研究、宇航员用品和运载工具硬件。 A rainbow is seen at launch Pad-0A after the Northrop Grumman Antares rocket launched, Wednesday, April 17, 2019, at NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. Northrop Grumman’s 11th contracted cargo resupply mission for NASA to the International Space Station will deliver about 7,600 pounds of science and research, crew supplies and vehicle hardware to the orbital laboratory and its crew. Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

2019年4月16日星期二，在弗吉尼亚州美国宇航局瓦勒普斯飞行基地发射台Pad-0A上，任务工程师将最后一批货物装载到诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司安塔雷斯火箭上的天鹅座补给飞船上。诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司与美国国家航空航天局签订的第11次国际空间站货物补给合同将向轨道实验室及其宇航员运送约7600磅的科学研究、宇航员用品和运载工具硬件。 天鹅座计划于2019年4月17日下午4:46发射。 Mission engineers load the final cargo into the Cygnus resupply spacecraft onboard the Northrop Grumman Antares rocket, Tuesday, April 16, 2019, at launch Pad-0A of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. Northrop Grumman’s 11th contracted cargo resupply mission with NASA to the International Space Station will deliver about 7,600 pounds of science and research, crew supplies and vehicle hardware to the orbital laboratory and its crew. Cygnus is slated to launch on April 17, 2019, at 4:46 p.m. ET. Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

2019年4月16日星期二，美国宇航局弗吉尼亚州瓦勒普斯飞行基地，一枚搭载天鹅座补给飞船的诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司安塔雷斯火箭在日出时分出现。诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司与美国国家航空航天局签订的第11次国际空间站货物补给合同将向轨道实验室及其宇航员运送约7600磅的科学研究、宇航员用品和运载工具硬件。 A Northrop Grumman Antares rocket carrying a Cygnus resupply spacecraft is seen during sunrise on Pad-0A, Tuesday, April 16, 2019, at NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. Northrop Grumman’s 11th contracted cargo resupply mission with NASA to the International Space Station will deliver about 7,600 pounds of science and research, crew supplies and vehicle hardware to the orbital laboratory and its crew. Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

美国强大的新型深空火箭，美国宇航局的太空发射系统，在发射美国宇航局的猎户座飞船和潜在的货物到月球轨道时，将面临恶劣的条件和极端的温度，为此，它需要强有力的保护。 技术人员和工程师已经通过了3D打印技术，可以将热保护系统应用到火箭更小、更复杂的部件上。喷涂泡沫或传统绝缘材料适用于SLS的大型和小型部件；它可以在发射过程中保护火箭免受热量的影响，并使大型燃料箱中的推进剂保持低温。然而，小型硬件或狭窄区域（如发动机部分的内部管道）需要技术人员手动喷涂泡沫或在某些情况下使用3D打印模具进行泡沫铸造。在此过程中，混合并倒入模具中的泡沫膨胀，以完美贴合零件。这减少了复杂和繁琐的后处理修剪的需要，从而减少了总体处理时间。美国宇航局和波音公司的工程师在项目早期就进行了广泛的开发和鉴定。使用这些数据，该团队开发了一种精细的工艺，减少了认证单个3D打印模具所需的时间，并使团队能够将更多时间用于满足每个飞行泡沫应用必须满足的关键要求。这简化了从3D打印到浇筑应用程序的过程，并允许更快的处理时间。 美国宇航局负责在2024年前将美国宇航员送上月球。我们深空探索的支柱是SLS和猎户座，它将从美国宇航局位于佛罗里达州的肯尼迪航天中心发射到月球轨道的门户（Gateway）。从那里，宇航员最终将使用一种拟建的人类登月系统执行登月任务。 America’s powerful new deep space rocket, NASA’s Space Launch System, will face harsh conditions and extreme temperatures in flight when launching NASA’s Orion spacecraft and potential cargo to lunar orbit, and for that, it’ll need strong protection. Technicians and engineers have qualified 3D printing to aid in the application of the thermal protection system to the smaller, more intricate parts of the rocket. Spray-on foam or traditional insulation is applied to both large and small components of SLS; it protects the rocket from heat during launch and keeps the propellant within the large tanks cold. However, small hardware or cramped areas like the internal ducts of the engine section require technicians to either manually spray the foam on or apply a foam…

位于弗吉尼亚州汉普顿的美国宇航局兰利研究中心的统一计划风洞内，航天工程师考特尼·温斯基为风洞测试准备了一个太空发射系统(SLS)火箭模型。0.8%比例模型上的粉色压敏涂料在高压气流中与氧气反应时会发出明亮的深红色辉光。这项测试使工程师们能够了解火箭发射过程中施加在火箭上的压力变化。 这一轮上升测试是针对火箭的一系列风洞测试中的最新测试，该测试将在执行月球任务时发射NASA的猎户座宇宙飞船。他们的首次综合测试飞行（又被称为探索任务-1）是在是在2020年，然后在2022年与机组人员进行一次测试飞行。Langley航空科学团队负责人Jeremy Pinier说:“测试需要在所有可能的火箭结构和发射的所有阶段进行，以了解火箭的性能。” 当他们测试为宇航员和货物设计的火箭的不同配置时，研究人员正在了解更多关于NASA为探索月球和火星而开发的火箭的结构和性能。这项特殊测试是SLS货物配置系列中的首批测试之一，SLS可以向月球轨道发送超过26吨(57,000磅)的货物。携带大型货物到月球的能力对于人类探索任务是必要的。 A Space Launch System (SLS) rocket model is prepped for wind tunnel testing by Courtney Winski, aerospace engineer, at the Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The pink pressure-sensitive paint on the 0.8 percent scale model emits a bright crimson glow when reacting with oxygen in the presence of high-pressure airflows. This test allows engineers to understand changing pressures exerted on the rocket during a launch. This round of ascent testing is latest in a series of wind tunnel tests for the rocket that will launch NASA’s Orion spacecraft on missions to the Moon. Their first integrated test flight, known as Exploration Mission-1, is targeted for 2020, followed by a test flight with crew in…

NASA于2019年4月5日,在挪威Andøya航天中心成功发射AZURE（the Auroral Zone Upwelling Rocket Experiment）。 美国东部时间下午6时14分和6时16分，美国东部时间下午6时14分和6时16分发射了两枚黑色Brant XI-A探空火箭，携带用于研究极光内部能量交换的科学仪器。 AZURE任务的目的是通过火箭上的仪器和部署可见气体示踪剂来测量大气密度和温度。这些示踪剂是在挪威海上空71至150英里的高度释放出来的，它们使用的物质与烟花中发现的物质类似，可以制造出五颜六色的云，让研究人员能够追踪极光中中性带电粒子的流动。AZURE通过地面摄影跟踪这些彩色云团的运动，并在三维空间中对它们逐时刻的位置进行三角测量，将提供关于电离层两个关键区域不同高度上粒子垂直和水平流动的有价值的数据。 NASA successfully launched AZURE, the Auroral Zone Upwelling Rocket Experiment, mission on April 5, 2019, from the Andøya Space Center in Norway. Two Black Brant XI-A sounding rockets were launched at 6:14 and 6:16 p.m. EDT, carrying scientific instruments for studying the energy exchange within an aurora. The AZURE mission is designed to measure the atmospheric density and temperature with instruments on the rockets and by deploying visible gas tracers. The tracers, which were released over the Norwegian Sea at 71 through 150 miles altitude, use substances similar to those found in fireworks to create colorful clouds that allow researchers to track the flow of neutral and charged particles with the auroral wind. By tracking the…