NASA·每日一图

加拿大航天局的大卫·圣雅克于2019年4月8日完成了他职业生涯中的第一次太空行走。在他的推特账号@Asrro_DavidS上，他写道:“这是多么美妙的景色啊。美妙到语言难以形容。 在长达6个半小时的太空行走中，他和美国国家航空航天局(NASA)宇航员安妮·麦克莱恩(Anne McClain)成功地为加拿大制造的机械臂Canadarm2建立了一条冗余电源通道，并安装了电缆，以便在轨道综合设施之外提供更广泛的无线通信覆盖，以及增强硬连线计算机网络的能力。两人还重新安置了第一次太空行走的适配器板，为未来的电池升级操作做准备。这是空间站近一个月来的第三次太空行走。 David Saint-Jacques of the Canadian Space Agency completed the first spacewalk of his career on Monday, April 8, 2019. On his Twitter account @Asrro_DavidS, he wrote: “What a view. Words are missing. // Quelle vue. Les mots me manquent. #DareToExplore #OsezExplorer” During the six-and-a-half-hour spacewalk, he and NASA astronaut Anne McClain successfully established a redundant path of power to the Canadian-built robotic arm, known as Canadarm2, and installed cables to provide for more expansive wireless communications coverage outside the orbital complex, as well as for enhanced hardwired computer network capability. The duo also relocated an adapter plate from the first spacewalk in preparation for future battery upgrade operations. This was the third spacewalk in just under a month on the space station.

2019年4月6日，在佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心游客综合大楼举行的亚特兰蒂斯号航天飞机展览上，宇航员吉姆·布奇利和珍妮特·卡万迪被列入2019年美国宇航员名人堂。他们公布了他们的牌匾，这些牌匾将被放置在游客综合大楼的名人堂。2019年的入选名单是由名人堂的宇航员、前NASA官员、飞行指挥、历史学家和记者组成的委员会选出的。这个过程由宇航员奖学金基金会管理，该基金会是1984年由最初的7名水星宇航员创建的。要符合名人堂的入选条件，宇航员必须在入职17年内进行首次飞行。候选人必须是一名美国公民和一名接受过美国航空航天局训练的指挥官、飞行员或至少环绕地球一周的任务专家。 Astronauts Jim Buchli and Janet Kavandi are inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame Class of 2019 during a ceremony on April 6, 2019, inside the Space Shuttle Atlantis exhibit at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. They unveiled their plaques, which will be placed in the Hall of Fame at the visitor complex. The 2019 inductees were selected by a committee of Hall of Fame astronauts, former NASA officials, flight directors, historians and journalists. The process is administered by the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation, which was founded by the original seven Mercury astronauts in 1984. To be eligible, an astronaut must have made his or her first flight at least 17 years before the induction. Candidates must be a U.S. citizen…

当美国宇航局阿姆斯特朗飞行研究中心安全与任务保障办公室主任格伦·格雷厄姆驾驶他的T-34飞机飞越加州羚羊谷时，他看到了一生中罕见的一幕——罂粟和野花的超级绽放。 由于羚羊谷冬季多雨，沙漠上覆盖着黄色野花和橙色罂粟花，罂粟花是加利福尼亚州的州花。美国国家航空航天局阿姆斯特朗飞行研究中心的员工和家属可以把车停在罂粟保护区，看到这些花。 T-34被研究中心的飞行员熟练操作用于研究飞行的追逐机使用。 As Glenn Graham, director of NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center’s Office of Safety and Mission Assurance flew his T-34 aircraft over California’s Antelope Valley, he beheld a once in a lifetime event–a superbloom of a superbloom of poppies and wildflowers. Due to a very rainy winter season for the Antelope Valleya, the desert is covered with a canopy of yellow wildflowers and orange blooming poppies, California’s state flower. NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center employees and families could see the flowers by parking at the Poppy Reserve. The T-34 is used by the center for pilot proficiency and chase plane for research flights.d cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth.

2018年12月，国际空间站一名宇航员在中亚天山东部和塔克拉玛干沙漠拍摄了这张高度倾斜的雪景照片。天山是世界上最长的连续山脉之一，绵延1500英里(2500公里)，位于中国西北部、哈萨克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦。 天山，有时被称为中亚的水塔，为该地区提供了必要的淡水。由于塔克拉玛干沙漠是一个三面环山的低洼盆地，雨影效应使该地区一年中的大部分时间都非常干燥。 天山拥有亚洲许多主要冰川。在春季和夏季，冰雪的融化补充了当地的河流，并将侵蚀的沉积物输送到山谷。冲积扇沉积的沉积物垂直于周围的山脉，这些山脉被风重新加工、侵蚀并输送到更远的地方。 塔克拉玛干地区以沙丘为主，具有易移动的沉积物。这个地区的风能产生很大的沙尘暴。在这幅图中，雪从天山的山峰和山谷延伸到塔克拉玛干沙漠的底层。NASA的Terra和Aqua卫星上搭载的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)仪器也能在同一天提供该地区积雪的更多定量图像。沙漠上覆盖着厚厚的积雪，透过尘埃云，可以看到博斯腾湖。 这张照片是2018年12月5日拍摄的，使用尼康D5数码相机拍摄，镜头为65毫米，由国际空间站宇航员地球观测设施和约翰逊航天中心地球科学与遥感单元提供。这张照片是由探险队57名成员拍摄的。图像经过裁剪和增强以提高对比度，并删除了镜头伪影。作为国际空间站国家实验室的一部分，国际空间站项目支持该实验室帮助宇航员拍摄对科学家和公众最有价值的地球照片，并将这些照片免费发布在互联网上。 In December 2018, an astronaut on the International Space Station took this highly oblique photograph of snow on the eastern Tien Shan and Taklimakan Desert in Central Asia. The Tien Shan (or Tian Shan) is one of the longest continuous mountain ranges in the world, stretching across 1,500 miles (2,500 kilometers) in northwest China, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. The Tien Shan Mountains, sometimes called Central Asia’s Water Tower, provide essential fresh water to the area. Since the Taklimakan Desert is a low-lying basin enclosed by mountain ranges on three sides, a rain shadow keeps the region extremely dry for most of the year. The Tien Shan hold many of Asia’s major glaciers. In the spring and summer, the melting of ice…

2019年3月，一名国际空间站的宇航员在南印度洋上空265英里处拍摄了这张照片。 空间站就像一个轨道实验室，每90分钟绕地球一周。宇航员们进行有关地球、太空、物理和生物科学的实验，造福了生活在地球上的人们和未来的探险者。作为深空探索的试验台，空间站正在帮助我们学习如何在长时间的太空旅行中保持宇航员的健康，并为人类和机器人在近地轨道之外的探索展示技术。 An astronaut aboard the International Space Station snapped this image of the South Indian Ocean in March 2019, as the station flew 265 miles above this cloudy formation. The station functions as an orbital laboratory, orbiting the Earth about every 90 minutes. The astronaut crews conduct experiments about Earth, space and the physical and biological sciences, benefitting people living on our home planet and future explorers. As a testbed for deep space exploration, the station is helping us learn how to keep astronauts healthy during long-duration space travel and demonstrating technologies for human and robotic exploration beyond low-Earth orbit.

在阿拉斯加，5%的土地被冰川覆盖，冰川正在融化，导致海平面上升。为了监测这些变化，一个由nasa资助的研究小组自2009年春季以来一直在一架鲜红色单引擎飞机上驾驶科学仪器。 这些被称为“冰桥行动”的空中科学活动一直在测量地球上不断变化的冰川和冰盖。“冰桥”的设想是为了避免两颗卫星在测量冰的高度上存在差距:距：在2009年停止采集数据的美国宇航局冰、云和陆地高度卫星(ICESat)和2018年发射的ICESat-2。戈达德太空飞行中心的科学家们负责着每年在北极和南极洲进行的两场规模更大的野外活动，而阿拉斯加费尔班克斯大学(University of Fairbanks)的一个规模较小的团队则负责监测阿拉斯加的冰川。 在这张图片中，阿拉斯加科尔多瓦附近的谢里登冰川，是2018年8月“冰桥行动”飞行时拍摄的。谢里丹是一个湖崩裂冰川与迅速解体的浮动冰川。 In Alaska, 5 percent of the land is covered by glaciers that are losing a lot of ice and contributing to sea level rise. To monitor these changes, a small team of NASA-funded researchers has been flying scientific instruments on a bright red, single-engine plane since spring 2009. Called Operation IceBridge, these airborne science campaigns have been measuring Earth’s changing glaciers and ice sheets. IceBridge was conceived to avoid a gap in measurements of ice height between two satellite missions: NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), which stopped collecting data in 2009, and ICESat-2, which launched in 2018. While scientists at the Goddard Space Flight Center managed the two larger yearly field campaigns in the Arctic and Antarctica,…

2019年3月29日，宇航员尼克·黑格进行太空行走。他和另一名宇航员克里斯蒂娜·科赫(图外)成功地连接了三块更新、更强大的锂离子电池，取代了之前的六块镍氢电池，这些电池为国际空间站的一对太阳能电池阵列上的一个通道提供电力。新的电池提供了一个更先进、有效的电力能力的运作。 Astronaut Nick Hague performs a spacewalk on March 29, 2019. He and fellow astronaut Christina Koch (out of frame) successfully connected three newer, more powerful lithium-ion batteries to replace the previous six nickel-hydrogen batteries that provide power for one channel on one pair of the International Space Station’s solar arrays. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations.

这张星图向我们展示了Messier 11的一部分，Messier 11是位于盾牌座的一个疏散星团。Messier 11号也被称为野鸭群，因为它最亮的星星形成一个“V”形，有点像飞行中的一群鸭子。 Messier 11是目前已知的最丰富和最紧凑的疏散星团之一。通过研究星团中最亮、最热的主序恒星，天文学家估计它大约形成于2.2亿年前。疏散星团往往比更紧密的球状星团包含更少、更年轻的恒星，Messier 11也不例外:它的中心有许多蓝色恒星，是该星团数千颗恒星中最热、最年轻的恒星。 与球状星团相比，疏散星团的寿命也相对较短;星系团中的恒星彼此距离较远，因此引力对彼此的约束力不那么强，从而更容易、更快地被更强的引力吸引走。因此，Messier 11很可能在几百万年后就会散开，因为它的成员一个接一个地被抛出，被附近的其他天体拉走。 Messier 11出现在哈勃的梅西耶星表中，其中包括一些可以从地球北半球观测到的最迷人的天体。点击一下链接查看NASA处理的图像及其他梅西耶星系:https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubbs-messier。 This star-studded image shows us a portion of Messier 11, an open star cluster in the southern constellation of Scutum (the Shield). Messier 11 is also known as the Wild Duck Cluster, as its brightest stars form a “V” shape that somewhat resembles a flock of ducks in flight. Messier 11 is one of the richest and most compact open clusters currently known. By investigating the brightest, hottest main sequence stars in the cluster, astronomers estimate that it formed roughly 220 million years ago. Open clusters tend to contain fewer and younger stars than their more compact globular cousins, and Messier 11 is no exception: at its center lie many blue stars, the hottest…

美国国家航空航天局(NASA)哈勃太空望远镜(Hubble Space Telescope)和其他天文台的最新数据显示，一颗小小行星在旋转过程中被捕获，旋转速度之快足以将物质抛掷出去。 哈勃望远镜拍摄的图像显示了两条窄窄的彗星状彗尾，由小行星(6478)高尔特喷出的尘埃碎片组成。每条尾巴都代表着小行星轻轻抛撒物质的一个阶段——这是高尔特开始分裂的关键证据。 1988年发现的这颗2.5英里宽(4公里宽)的小行星曾多次被观测到，但这些碎片的尾巴是它解体的第一个证据。高尔特距离太阳2.14亿英里(3.44亿公里)。在火星和木星之间已知的大约80万颗小行星中，天文学家估计，小行星带中发生这种类型的事件很少见，大约每年发生一次。 观察一颗小行星脱离胶合状态，让天文学家有机会研究这些太空岩石的构成，而无需派遣航天器对它们进行采样。 A small asteroid was caught in the process of spinning so fast it’s throwing off material, according to new data from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and other observatories. Images from Hubble show two narrow, comet-like tails of dusty debris streaming from the asteroid (6478) Gault. Each tail represents an episode in which the asteroid gently shed its material — key evidence that Gault is beginning to come apart. Discovered in 1988, the 2.5-mile-wide (4-kilometer-wide) asteroid has been observed repeatedly, but the debris tails are the first evidence of disintegration. Gault is located 214 million miles (344 million kilometers) from the Sun. Of the roughly 800,000 known asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, astronomers estimate that this type of event in…

当Joan Stupik还是个孩子的时候，她的父母给她买了一个小型天象仪，她可以用它把星星投射到卧室的天花板上。虽然她并不是打算成为一名工程师，但她一直都喜欢数学和科学，并且认为她的高中辅导员会指导她朝着正确的方向成为一名工程师。 现在，她是美国国家航空航天局木卫二快船任务小组的一员，该任务将探索木星的卫星木卫二，看看这颗冰冷的卫星是否有适合生命生存的环境。