哈勃望远镜通过宇宙透镜观测星系

哈勃望远镜通过宇宙透镜观测星系

This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features the galaxy LRG-3-817, also known as SDSS J090122.37+181432.3. The galaxy, its image distorted by the effects of gravitational lensing, appears as a long arc to the left of the central galaxy cluster. Gravitational lensing occurs when a large distribution of matter, such as a galaxy cluster, sits between Earth and a distant light source. As space is warped by massive objects, the light from the distant object bends as it travels to us and we see a distorted image of it. This effect was first predicted by Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Strong gravitational lenses provide an opportunity for studying properties of distant galaxies, since Hubble can resolve details within the multiple arcs that are one of the…

侧视星系NGC 5866

侧视星系NGC 5866

2020年11月15日 Edge-On Galaxy NGC 5866 Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); Acknowledgment: W. Keel (U. Alabama) Explanation: Why is this galaxy so thin? Many disk galaxies are just as thin as NGC 5866, pictured here, but are not seen edge-on from our vantage point. One galaxy that is situated edge-on is our own Milky Way Galaxy. Classified as a lenticular galaxy, NGC 5866 has numerous and complex dust lanes appearing dark and red, while many of the bright stars in the disk give it a more blue underlying hue. The blue disk of young stars can be seen extending past the dust in the extremely thin galactic plane, while the bulge in the disk center appears tinged more orange from the…

哈勃望远镜拍摄的宇宙瀑布

哈勃望远镜拍摄的宇宙瀑布

The galaxy UGCA 193, seen here by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, is a galaxy in the constellation of Sextans (the Sextant). Looking rather like a waterfall, UGCA 193 appears to host many young stars, especially in the lower portion of this view, creating a striking blue haze and the sense that the stars are falling from “above.” The blue color of UGCA 193 indicates the stars that we see are hot — some more than six times hotter than our Sun. We know that cooler stars appear to our eyes as redder, and hotter stars appear bluer. A star’s surface temperature and color are also linked to its mass, with heavier stars “burning” at higher temperatures, resulting in a blue glow from their surfaces….

哈勃望远镜启动了对附近恒星的大型紫外线探测

哈勃望远镜启动了对附近恒星的大型紫外线探测

如果没有恒星,宇宙将是一个非常无聊的地方。如果没有它们,宇宙将仍然是一个来自大爆炸的氢和氦的弥散等离子体。 作为宇宙的基本组成部分,恒星核聚变炉锻造出新的重元素,丰富它们的母体星系。来自恒星的辐射能可能在最适宜的行星上孕育生命,就像在地球上一样。 为了更好地了解恒星和恒星演化,位于马里兰州巴尔的摩的太空望远镜科学研究所(STScI)与美国宇航局的哈勃太空望远镜启动了一项雄心勃勃的新计划,名为ULLYSES(UV Legacy Library of Young star,作为基本标准的年轻恒星紫外线遗产库)。 这是大麦哲伦星云(LMC)的地面望远镜照片,该星云是我们银河系的卫星星系。该星系是美国宇航局哈勃太空望远镜ULLYSES(作为基本标准的年轻恒星紫外线遗产库)新计划的几个选定目标之一。该计划正在研究300多颗恒星,以建立一个紫外线目录,以捕捉从年轻到年老的各种恒星。LMC包含了炽热、大质量、蓝色的恒星,类似于早期星系的原始组成,因此天文学家可以了解到数十亿年前它们的外流可能是如何影响了早期星系的演化。目标恒星来自于哈勃历史观测(黄圈)和ULLYSES计划下的新观测(蓝圈)。 影像来源:Credits: NASA, ESA, J. Roman-Duval (STScI), ULLYSES program, and R. Gendler 就哈勃望远镜投入的时间而言,ULLYSES是哈勃有史以来最大的观测计划,超过300颗星星将被包括在内。来自目标恒星的紫外线(UV)被用来生成一个光谱指纹库,包括来自银河系八个恒星形成区域的年轻低质量恒星,以及包括麦哲伦星云在内的几个附近矮星系中完全成熟的大质量恒星。 “ ULLYSES的主要目标之一是形成一个完整的参考样本,该样本可用于创建捕获星体多样性的光谱库,从而确保获得适用于各种天体物理主题的遗留数据集。”STScI的项目负责人Julia Roman-Duval说。 STScI正在向天文界发布第一套ULLYSES观测结果。这些早期的目标是附近几个矮星系中炽热的、大质量的蓝色恒星。 哈勃望远镜位于地球大气层之上,大气层在到达地面的望远镜之前会过滤掉大部分的紫外线辐射。哈勃望远镜对紫外线的灵敏度使它成为唯一能完成这项任务的观测站,年轻的恒星在断断续续地生长的过程中,在吸入气体和尘埃的同时,它们的能量会在紫外线中大量释放。 该计划的目的是让天文学家更好地了解恒星的诞生,以及恒星的诞生与行星、星系的形成和演化等一切事物之间的关系。天文学家想知道年轻的小质量恒星恒星如何影响围绕它们形成的行星的演化和组成。强烈的紫外线辐射将分子分开,穿透行星形成的星盘,影响它们的化学性质,并影响星盘存活的时间。这对行星的可居住性、大气逃逸和化学有直接影响。罗曼-杜瓦尔说:“这一独特的遗产库使横跨许多领域的天体物理学研究成为可能。” 这是小麦哲伦星云(SMC)的地面望远镜照片,它是我们银河系的一个卫星星系。该星系是哈勃ULLYSES项目的几个目标之一,该项目正在观察300多颗恒星,以建立一个紫外线目录,以捕捉从年轻到年老的各种恒星。目标恒星来自于哈勃历史观测(黄色圆圈)和新观测(蓝色圆圈)。 影像来源:NASA, ESA, J. Roman-Duval (STScI), ULLYSES program, and S. Guisard 此外,从比我们的太阳还要大得多的完全成熟的恒星中喷出的大量热气体,以惊人的方式塑造了它们的环境。通过将重元素丰度较低(类似于早期星系的原始组成)的附近星系中的大质量恒星作为目标,天文学家可以了解到数十亿年前它们的外流物质可能是如何影响了早期星系的演化。 这些观测的设计和目标是与天文界合作选择的,这使得来自世界各地的研究人员能够帮助开发最终的项目,并有机会组织其他空间和地面望远镜对不同波长的光的协调观测。 STScI的科技人员正在设计专门与数据库和网络接口开发相关的软件,以确保天文界广泛访问图书馆。目前正在开发用于高级科学产品和光谱分析的工具。所有的数据都存储在STScI的Mikulski太空望远镜档案(MAST)中。 为了更好地了解恒星的演化过程,哈勃启动了一项名为ULLYSES(作为基本标准的年轻恒星紫外线遗产库)的新计划。这是NASA哈勃太空望远镜进行的最大的观测项目,该望远镜将用来观测300多颗恒星。来自目标恒星的紫外线(UV)将被用来产生一个光谱指纹库,其中包括来自银河系八个恒星形成区域的年轻低质量恒星,以及包括麦哲伦星云在内的几个附近矮星系中完全成熟的大质量恒星。 视频来源:NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center ULLYSES计划为未来奠定了基础,创建了一个全面的数据库,供天文学家用于未来数十年的研究。NASA即将发布的詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜(James Webb Space Telescope)的红外线观测资料也将为这一恒星形成过程提供补充。哈勃和韦伯共同努力,将提供恒星和宇宙恒星形成历史的整体视图。 哈勃太空望远镜是NASA与ESA(欧洲航天局)之间国际合作的项目。位于马里兰州格林贝尔特的NASA戈达德太空飞行中心负责管理该望远镜。 位于马里兰州巴尔的摩的太空望远镜科学研究所(STScI)进行了哈勃科学操作。STScI由位于华盛顿特区的天文学研究大学协会为NASA运营。 来源: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2020/hubble-launches-large-ultraviolet-light-survey-of-nearby-stars

哈勃看到了银河瀑布

哈勃看到了银河瀑布

In this spectacular image captured by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, the galaxy NGC 2799 (on the left) is seemingly being pulled into the center of the galaxy NGC 2798 (on the right). Interacting galaxies, such as these, are so named because of the influence they have on each other, which may eventually result in a merger or a unique formation. Already, these two galaxies have seemingly formed a sideways waterspout, with stars from NGC 2799 appearing to fall into NGC 2798 almost like drops of water. Galactic mergers can take place over several hundred million to over a billion years. While one might think the merger of two galaxies would be catastrophic for the stellar systems within, the sheer amount of space between stars…

哈勃拍摄了一个特殊的恒星苗圃

哈勃拍摄了一个特殊的恒星苗圃

This image, taken with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, depicts a special class of star-forming nursery known as Free-floating Evaporating Gaseous Globules, or frEGGs for short. This object is formally known as J025157.5+600606. When a massive new star starts to shine while still within the cool molecular gas cloud from which it formed, its energetic radiation can ionize the cloud’s hydrogen and create a large, hot bubble of ionized gas. Amazingly, located within this bubble of hot gas around a nearby massive star are the frEGGs: dark compact globules of dust and gas, some of which are giving birth to low-mass stars. The boundary between the cool, dusty frEGG and the hot gas bubble is seen as the glowing purple/blue edges in this fascinating image….

NASA一周新闻速览(2020.10.3)

NASA一周新闻速览(2020.10.3)

空间站下一批乘员出发前往发射地;新一批货资发射抵达空间站;准备好进行某种首次空间站乘员轮换任务……最近新闻速递,尽在「本周NASA」! Credit:NASA 9月27日,包括NASA凯特·鲁宾斯(Kate Rubins)在内的空间站第64号远征队(Expedition 64)成员参加了在俄罗斯星城举行的传统发射前典礼,并前往哈萨克斯坦的拜科努尔航天发射场(Baikonur Cosmodrome)完成训练。鲁宾斯与俄罗斯宇航员谢尔盖·雷吉科夫(Sergey Ryzhikov)和谢尔盖·库德·斯维奇科夫(Sergey Kud-Sverchkov)计划于10月14日发射前往空间站。 Credit:NASA 诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司(Northrop Grumman)的天鹅座(Cygnus)货运飞船于10月2日从NASA位于弗吉尼亚州的沃洛普斯飞行研究所(Wallops Flight Facility)发射到了空间站。天鹅座飞船载有近8000磅(约3600千克)的研究、乘员补给品和硬件,以已故宇航员卡尔帕纳·乔拉(Kalpana Chawla)的名字命名,乔拉是在哥伦比亚号(Columbia)航天飞机事故中丧生的STS-107机组成员。 9月29日,NASA在约翰逊航天中心(Johnson Space Center)举办了一系列新闻发布会,预告NASA的SpaceX第一次载人飞行任务(Crew-1),这将是用美国商用航天器进行的首次国际空间站乘员轮换任务。“我们很高兴能有机会给我们的航天器命名,但与其等到航天器进入轨道,不如今天就与您分享。因此,事不宜迟,此后Crew-1龙机舱编号207将被称作‘恢复力号’(Resilience)。”该飞行任务计划于10月31日或之后从NASA的肯尼迪航天中心(Kennedy Space Center)发射升空。 哈勃在棒旋星系NGC 2525拍摄到的超新星爆发,最高峰值的亮度是太阳的5亿倍,NGC 2525位于南天船尾座,距离我们大约7000万光年。 Credits: NASA, ESA, and A. Riess (STScI/JHU) and the SH0ES team; acknowledgment: M. Zamani (ESA/Hubble) NASA的哈勃空间望远镜(Hubble Space Telescope)捕获了一颗距我们约7000万光年的恒星的瞬时影像,它首先在光芒万丈之时变成了超新星(supernova),然后慢慢暗淡了。这类超新星可以帮助天文学家测量宇宙的膨胀。 Credit:NASA 鉴于新冠疫情大流行,2020年的国际太空应用挑战赛(International Space Apps Challenge)已完全转为线上。10月2~4日的黑客马拉松主题是“采取行动”(Take Action),参与者须使用NASA的数据解决地球上和太空中的现实世界问题。更多相关信息,包括最近结束的太空应用程序新冠肺炎挑战赛(Space Apps COVID-19 Challenge)的获胜者,请访问spaceappschallenge.org。 通过使用NASA凌星系外行星巡天卫星“苔丝”(Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite,TESS)的数据,新的行星巡逻(Planet Patrol)网站让公众在家中就能帮NASA寻找系外行星(exoplanet),即太阳系以外的行星世界。在一年时间里,“苔丝”就拍下了成千上万张快照,每张快照又包含成千上万颗可能的行星,对于天文学家来说,没有外界的帮助快照的数量实在过于庞大。 以上就是「本周 NASA」的全部内容!更多详细信息请访问nasa.gov/twan。

哈勃拍摄到银河魅力的照片

哈勃拍摄到银河魅力的照片

This stunning image by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope features the spiral galaxy NGC 5643 in the constellation of Lupus (the Wolf). Looking this good isn’t easy; 30 different exposures, for a total of nine hours of observation time, together with the high resolution and clarity of Hubble, were needed to produce an image of such high level of detail and beauty. NGC 5643 is about 60 million light-years away from Earth and has been the host of a recent supernova event (not visible in this latest image). This supernova (2017cbv) was a specific type in which a white dwarf steals so much mass from a companion star that it becomes unstable and explodes. The explosion releases significant amounts of energy and lights up that…

哈勃望远镜看到了一个位于“黑暗面”的星系

哈勃望远镜看到了一个位于“黑暗面”的星系

Resting on the tail of the Great Bear in the constellation of Ursa Major lies NGC 5585, a spiral galaxy that is more than it appears. The many stars and clouds of dust and gas that make up NGC 5585, shown here in this Hubble image, contribute only a small fraction of the total mass of the galaxy. As in many galaxies, this discrepancy can be explained by the abundant yet seemingly invisible presence of dark matter, a mysterious material that astronomers can’t directly observe. The stellar disk of the galaxy extends over 35,000 light-years across. When compared with galaxies of a similar shape and size, NGC 5585 stands out by having a notably different composition. Contributing to the total mass of the galaxy, it…

哈勃望远镜收藏了一袋满满的星星

哈勃望远镜收藏了一袋满满的星星

Many colorful stars are packed close together in this image of the globular cluster NGC 1805, taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. This tight grouping of thousands of stars is located near the edge of the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of our own Milky Way. The stars orbit closely to one another, like bees swarming around a hive. In the dense center of one of these clusters, stars are 100 to 1,000 times closer together than the nearest stars are to our Sun, making planetary systems around them unlikely. The striking difference in star colors is illustrated beautifully in this image, which combines different types of light: blue stars, shining brightest in near-ultraviolet light, and red stars, illuminated in red and near-infrared….