哈勃观测到宇宙间的相互作用

哈勃观测到宇宙间的相互作用

ByNASA中文

This image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope feels incredibly three-dimensional for a piece of deep-space imagery. The image shows Arp 282, an interacting galaxy pair composed of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 169 (bottom) and the galaxy IC 1559 (top). Interestingly, both galaxies have monumentally energetic cores known as active galactic nuclei (AGN), although that is difficult to tell from this image, which is fortunate. If the image revealed the full emission of both AGNs, their brilliance would obscure the beautifully detailed tidal interactions we see in this image. Tidal forces occur when an object’s gravity causes another object to distort or stretch. The direction of tidal forces is away from the lower-mass object and toward the higher mass object. When two galaxies tidally interact,…

哈勃望远镜看到了一张星帆

哈勃望远镜看到了一张星帆

ByNASA中文

The spiral arms of the galaxy NGC 3318 are lazily draped across this image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. This spiral galaxy lies in the constellation Vela and is roughly 115 million light-years away from Earth. Vela was originally part of a far larger constellation, known as Argo Navis after the fabled ship Argo from Greek mythology, but this unwieldy constellation proved to be impractically large. Argo Navis was split into three separate parts called Carina, Puppis, and Vela – each named after part of the Argo. As befits a galaxy in a nautically inspired constellation, the outer edges of NGC 3318 almost resemble a ship’s sails billowing in a gentle breeze. NGC 3318星系的旋臂懒洋洋地垂在这张来自NASA/ESA哈勃太空望远镜的图像上。这个旋涡星系位于船帆座，距离地球约1.15亿光年。船帆座原本是一个大得多的星座的一部分，以希腊神话中传说中的阿尔戈号为名，被称为阿尔戈·纳维斯星座，但这个笨拙的星座被证明是不切实际的大。阿尔戈·纳维斯星座被分割成三个独立的部分，分别是船底座、船尾座和船帆座，每个部分都是以阿尔戈号的一部分命名。NGC 3318的外边缘就像是在微风中飘动的船帆，这与一个以航海为灵感的星座中的星系非常相称。 Text credit: European Space Agency (ESA) Image credit: ESA/Hubble…

哈勃望远镜观测到一个有着爆炸历史的星系

哈勃望远镜观测到一个有着爆炸历史的星系

ByNASA中文

In this image, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope captures a side-on view of NGC 3568, a barred spiral galaxy roughly 57 million light-years from the Milky Way in the constellation Centaurus. In 2014 the light from a supernova explosion in NGC 3568 reached Earth – a sudden flare of light caused by the titanic explosion accompanying the death of a massive star. While most astronomical discoveries are the work of teams of professional astronomers, this supernova was discovered by amateur astronomers who are part of the Backyard Observatory Supernova Search in New Zealand. Dedicated amateur astronomers often make intriguing discoveries – particularly of fleeting astronomical phenomena such as supernovae and comets. 在这张图片中，NASA/ESA哈勃太空望远镜拍摄到了NGC 3568的侧视图，这是一个位于半人马座的棒旋星系，距离银河系约5700万光年。2014年，NGC 3568中的一颗超新星爆炸发出的光线到达了地球–这是一颗大质量恒星死亡时发生的巨大爆炸引起的突然闪光。虽然大多数天文发现是专业天文学家团队的工作，但这颗超新星是由业余天文学家发现，他们是新西兰后院天文台超新星搜索的一部分。敬业的业余天文学家经常会有有趣的发现——尤其是超新星和彗星等转瞬即逝的天文现象。 This Hubble observation comes from a wealth of data gathered to…

哈勃的行星状星云视图揭示了复杂的结构

哈勃的行星状星云视图揭示了复杂的结构

ByNASA中文

NGC 6891 is a bright, asymmetrical planetary nebula in the constellation Delphinus, the Dolphin. This Hubble image reveals a wealth of structure, including a spherical outer halo that is expanding faster than the inner nebula, and at least two ellipsoidal shells that are orientated differently. The image also reveals filaments and knots in the nebula’s interior, surrounding the central white dwarf star. From their motions, astronomers estimate that one of the shells is 4,800 years old while the outer halo is some 28,000 years old, indicating a series of outbursts from the dying star at different times. NGC 6891是一个明亮的、不对称的行星状星云，位于海豚座。这张哈勃图像揭示了丰富的结构，包括一个比内星云膨胀得更快的球形外晕，以及至少两个方向不同的椭球壳。这张照片还揭示了星云内部围绕中央白矮星的丝状和结状结构。根据他们的运动，天文学家估计其中一个椭球壳有4,800年的历史，而外晕大约有28,000年的历史，这表明垂死的恒星在不同的时间发生了一系列的爆发。 Hubble studied NGC 6891 as part of efforts to gauge the distances to nebulae, and to learn more about how their structures formed and evolved. NGC…

哈勃见证了奔跑者星云中气体碰撞的冲击波

哈勃见证了奔跑者星云中气体碰撞的冲击波

ByNASA中文

Mounded, luminous clouds of gas and dust glow in this Hubble image of a Herbig-Haro object known as HH 45. Herbig-Haro objects are a rarely seen type of nebula that occurs when hot gas ejected by a newborn star collides with the gas and dust around it at hundreds of miles per second, creating bright shock waves. In this image, blue indicates ionized oxygen (O II) and purple shows ionized magnesium (Mg II). Researchers were particularly interested in these elements because they can be used to identify shocks and ionization fronts. 在这张哈勃拍摄的名为HH 45的赫比格-哈罗天体图像中，堆积的、发光的气体和尘埃云闪闪发光。赫比格-哈罗天体是一种罕见的星云，当新生恒星喷出的热气体以每秒数百英里的速度与周围的气体和尘埃碰撞，产生明亮的冲击波。在这张图片中，蓝色表示电离的氧（O II），紫色表示电离的镁（Mg II）。研究人员对这些元素特别感兴趣，因为它们可以用来识别冲击波和电离锋线。 This object is located in the nebula NGC 1977, which itself is part of a complex of three nebulae called The Running Man. NGC 1977 – like its companions NGC…

哈勃发现火焰星云中的尘埃漩涡

哈勃发现火焰星云中的尘埃漩涡

ByNASA中文

The Flame Nebula, also called NGC 2024, is a large star-forming region in the constellation Orion that lies about 1,400 light-years from Earth. It’s a portion of the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex, which includes such famous nebulae as the Horsehead Nebula and Orion Nebula. This image focuses on the dark, dusty heart of the nebula, where a star cluster resides, mostly hidden from view. Nearby (but not visible in this image) is the bright star Alnitak, the easternmost star in the Belt of Orion. Radiation from Alnitak ionizes the Flame Nebula’s hydrogen gas. As the gas begins to cool from its higher-energy state to a lower-energy state, it emits energy in the form of light, causing the visible glow behind the swirled wisps of dust….

哈勃望远镜在IC2631中发现新形成的恒星

哈勃望远镜在IC2631中发现新形成的恒星

ByNASA中文

Stars are born from clouds of gas and dust that collapse under their own gravitational attraction. As the cloud collapses, a dense, hot core forms and begins gathering dust and gas, creating an object called a “protostar.” 恒星是由气体云和尘埃在自身引力作用下坍缩而形成。随着云团坍缩，会形成一个致密、炽热的核心，并开始聚集尘埃和气体，形成一个称为“原恒星”的物体。 This Hubble infrared image captures a protostar designated J1672835.29-763111.64 in the reflection nebula IC 2631, part of the Chamaeleon star-forming region in the southern constellation Chamaeleon. Protostars shine with the heat energy released by clouds contracting around them and the accumulation of material from the nearby gas and dust. Eventually enough material collects, and the core of a protostar becomes hot and dense enough for nuclear fusion to begin, and the transformation into a star is complete. The leftover gas and dust can become planets, asteroids, comets,…

哈勃拍摄到被朦胧光环环绕的彩色行星星云

哈勃拍摄到被朦胧光环环绕的彩色行星星云

ByNASA中文

NGC 2438 is a planetary nebula, formed after the death of a Sun-like star. The medium-sized star would have expelled its outer layers of gas into space as it died, leaving behind a white-dwarf core. A halo of glowing gas over 4.5 light-years across surrounds the nebula’s brighter inner ring. Many round or nearly round planetary nebulae display these halo structures, and astronomers have been investigating how they evolve. NGC 2438 was one of the nebulae studied, and researchers found that the nebula’s halo glows due to the ionizing radiation of the central white dwarf. NGC 2438是一个行星状星云，是一颗类太阳的恒星死亡后形成。这颗中等大小的恒星在死亡时将外层气体喷射到太空中，留下一个白矮星内核。一个直径超过4.5光年的发光气体光环围绕着星云较亮的内环。许多圆形或接近圆形的行星状星云都显示出这种光环结构，天文学家一直在研究它们是如何演化的。NGC 2438是被研究的星云之一，研究人员发现这个星云的光环由于中央白矮星的电离辐射而发光。 In this color-filled image, blue represents oxygen (O III), green is hydrogen (H-alpha), orange is nitrogen (N II), and red is sulfur (S II). 在这张充满色彩的图片中，蓝色代表氧（O III），绿色代表氢（H-α），橙色代表氮（N II），红色代表硫（S…

在哈勃新拍摄的图像中，有一团“超级气泡”掏空了星云

在哈勃新拍摄的图像中，有一团“超级气泡”掏空了星云

ByNASA中文

N44是一个复杂的星云，充满了发光的氢气、黑暗的尘埃带、大质量恒星和许多不同年龄的恒星群。然而，它最显着的特征之一是被称为“超级气泡”的黑暗星空间隙，在这张哈勃太空望远镜图像中上部中央区域可见。 这个黑洞大约有250光年宽，它的存在仍然是一个谜。气泡内部的大质量恒星喷出的恒星风可能赶走了气体，但这与测量到的气泡中的风速不一致。另一种可能性是，由于星云中充满了大质量恒星，这些恒星会在巨大的爆炸中消亡，古老超新星不断膨胀的外壳塑造了宇宙洞穴。 天文学家在超级气泡附近发现了一颗超新星遗迹，并确定超级气泡内部和边缘的恒星之间存在大约 500 万年的年龄差异，表明存在多个连锁反应的恒星形成事件。超级气泡周围大约 5 点钟方向的深蓝色区域是星云中最热的区域之一，也是恒星形成最强烈的区域。 N44是一个发射星云，这意味着它的气体被附近恒星的辐射激发或电离。当电离气体开始从高能状态冷却到低能状态时，它就会以光的形式发射出能量，导致星云发光。N44位于大麦哲伦星云，跨度约1000光年，距离地球约17万光年。 影像来源：NASA, ESA, V. Ksoll and D. Gouliermis (Universität Heidelberg), et al.; 影像处理： Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America) 发布日期： 2021年11月2日 下载选项： 下载全尺寸图片 – (5MB JPEG) 下载大尺寸图片 – (1MB JPEG) 下载屏幕图片 – 1920×1080 (3MB JPEG)

哈勃拍摄的“熔环”星系照片引发新的研究

哈勃拍摄的“熔环”星系照片引发新的研究

ByNASA中文

The Hubble Space Telescope’s glamour shots of the universe nearly always have a discovery behind them. 哈勃太空望远镜拍摄的迷人的宇宙照片背后几乎都有一个发现。 In this image, a remote galaxy is greatly magnified and distorted by the effects of gravitationally warped space. After its public release, astronomers used the picture to measure the galaxy’s distance of 9.4 billion light-years. This places the galaxy at the peak epoch of star formation in cosmic evolution. 在这张图片中，一个遥远的星系被引力扭曲的空间所放大和扭曲。在公开发布之后，天文学家们利用这张图片测量出这个星系的距离地球94亿光年。这将该星系置于宇宙演化中恒星形成的高峰期。 In this particular snapshot, a science discovery followed the release of a Hubble observation of a striking example of a deep-space optical phenomenon dubbed an “Einstein ring.” The photo was released in December 2020 as an example of one of the largest, nearly complete Einstein rings ever seen. 在这张特殊的快照中，科学家发现了哈勃望远镜观测到的一个被称为“爱因斯坦环”的深空光学现象的惊人例子。张照片于2020年12月发布，是有史以来最大、几乎完整的爱因斯坦环之一。 Image Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, S. Jha; Acknowledgment: L….