复合星云NGC 6914

复合星云NGC 6914

ByNASA中文

2022年7月7日 The NGC 6914 Complex Image Credit & Copyright: Giorgio Ferrari Explanation: A study in contrasts, this colorful skyscape features stars, dust, and glowing gas in the vicinity of NGC 6914. The interstellar complex of nebulae lies some 6,000 light-years away, toward the high-flying northern constellation Cygnus and the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy. Obscuring interstellar dust clouds appear in silhouette while reddish hydrogen emission nebulae, along with the dusty blue reflection nebulae, fill the cosmic canvas. Ultraviolet radiation from the massive, hot, young stars of the extensive Cygnus OB2 association ionize the region’s atomic hydrogen gas, producing the characteristic red glow as protons and electrons recombine. Embedded Cygnus OB2 stars also provide the blue starlight strongly reflected by the dust clouds. The over…

大麦哲伦星云中的绿松石羽流

大麦哲伦星云中的绿松石羽流

ByNASA中文

In this image from 2014, brightly glowing plumes of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) appear almost like an ocean current with turquoise-tinted currents and nebulous strands reaching out into the surroundings. This image shows part of the Tarantula Nebula’s outskirts located within the LMC, a small nearby galaxy that orbits the Milky Way and appears as a blurred blob in our skies. The Hubble Space Telescope has peeked many times into this galaxy, releasing stunning images of the whirling clouds of gas and sparkling stars. In most images of the LMC the color is completely different to that seen here. For this image, researchers substituted the customary R filter, which selects the red light, and replaced it by a filter letting through the near-infrared light….

太空蝴蝶

太空蝴蝶

ByNASA中文

What looks like a red butterfly in space is in reality a nursery for hundreds of baby stars, revealed in this infrared image from NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope. Officially named W40, the butterfly is a nebula – a giant cloud of gas and dust in space where new stars may form. The butterfly’s “wings” are giant bubbles of hot, interstellar gas blowing from the hottest, most massive stars in this region. The material that forms W40’s wings was ejected from a dense cluster of stars that lies between the wings in the image. The hottest, most massive of these stars, W40 IRS 1a, lies near the center of the star cluster. W40 is about 1,400 light-years from the Sun, about the same distance as the…

星云的景象

星云的景象

ByNASA中文

This colorful image, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope and published in 2018, celebrated the Earth-orbiting observatory’s 28th anniversary of viewing the heavens, giving us a window seat to the universe’s extraordinary tapestry of stellar birth and destruction. At the center of the photo, a monster young star 200,000 times brighter than our Sun is blasting powerful ultraviolet radiation and hurricane-like stellar winds, carving out a fantasy landscape of ridges, cavities, and mountains of gas and dust. This mayhem is all happening at the heart of the Lagoon Nebula, a vast stellar nursery located 4,000 light-years away and visible in binoculars simply as a smudge of light with a bright core. The giant star, called Herschel 36, is bursting out of its natal cocoon of…

广阔的光线

广阔的光线

ByNASA中文

影像来源：X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical: NASA/STScI, Palomar Observatory, DSS; Radio: NSF/NRAO/VLA; H-Alpha: LCO/IMACS/MMTF NASA及其国际合作伙伴最近发射的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（韦伯）和X射线成像偏振探测仪（IXPE）极好地提醒人们，宇宙以多种不同的形式发射光或能量。为了全面研究宇宙物体和现象，科学家需要能够探测整个电磁波谱的望远镜。 这个画廊提供了一些例子，展示了来自地面和太空中的望远镜的不同类型的光的组合方式。这些选择的共同点是来自NASA钱德拉X射线天文台的数据，说明X射线（由非常热和高能的过程发出）是如何在整个宇宙中被发现的。 宝瓶座R 这个天体实际上是一对恒星：一颗在相对低温下稳定燃烧的白矮星和一颗高度可变的红巨星。当它们相互环绕时，白矮星将红巨星的物质拉到它的表面。随着时间的推移，这些物质积累到一定程度，就会引发爆炸。天文学家在最近几十年里已经看到过这样的爆发。从NASA哈勃太空望远镜观察到的壮观结构（红色和蓝色）中，可以看到更早的爆发证据。来自钱德拉的X射线数据（紫色）显示了来自白矮星的喷流是如何撞击它周围的物质并产生冲击波，类似于超音速飞机的音爆。 仙后座A 钱德拉对仙后座A超新星遗迹的观测表明，爆炸恒星中的单个元素是如何被抛入太空的。在这张照片中，X射线显示元素硅（红色）、硫（黄色）、钙（绿色）和铁（浅紫色）。遗迹边缘的蓝色显示了爆炸向外传播时产生的冲击波。这张图片还添加了一层来自美国国家科学基金会卡尔·央斯基甚大天线阵（深紫色、蓝色和白色）的仙后座A的无线电数据，以及一张来自哈勃望远镜（橙色）的光学图像。与X射线一样，无线电波可以穿透位于地球和仙后座A之间的厚厚的气体和尘埃云，提供关于这个著名恒星爆炸的额外信息。 吉他星云 在过去十年左右的时间里，天文学家们一直对高速移动的脉冲星（也就是旋转的中子星）的一些X射线喷流的排列感到困惑，这些喷流以奇怪的、意想不到的角度射向星际空间。这就是天文学家通过PSR B2224+65观测到的，PSR B2224+65是一颗脉冲星，因其在光学光（蓝色）下的形状而被称为“吉他星云”。钱德拉捕捉到的X射线流（粉红色）几乎垂直于吉他状结构，源自脉冲星的磁极。 阿贝尔2597 星系团是宇宙中由引力维系的最大结构，是包含单个星系、大量热气体和暗物质的动态环境。通常情况下，星系团中心的巨大黑洞可以帮助推动其行为。在阿贝尔2597星系团中，一个巨大的中央超大质量黑洞正在向外推动气体，并在其中产生气泡或空洞。这张阿贝尔2597的合成图像合成图像包括来自钱德拉的X射线（蓝色），来自数字化巡天（橙色）的光学数据，以及来自智利拉斯坎帕纳斯天文台的光学光中氢原子的发射（红色）。 NGC 4490 当两个星系在合并的过程中，引力的相互作用会触发恒星形成波。NGC 4490就是这种情况，这是一个螺旋星系，它与右上方一个较小的星系相撞，但在这张图片中没有看到。科学家们认为，这两个星系已经有了最亲密的接触，现在正在彼此分离。一些点状的X射线源代表星系内的恒星质量黑洞和中子星。在这张NGC 4490的图像中，钱德拉的X射线（紫色）与哈勃的光学图像（红色、绿色和蓝色）相结合。 NASA的马歇尔太空飞行中心管理钱德拉计划。史密森天体物理天文台的钱德拉X射线中心在马萨诸塞州的剑桥控制科学运作，并在马萨诸塞州的伯灵顿控制飞行运作。 阅读更多来自NASA德拉X射线天文台的信息。 如欲了解更多钱德拉图片、多媒体和相关资料，请访问： http://www.nasa.gov/chandra 参考来源： https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/an-expanse-of-light.html

反射的星光

反射的星光

ByNASA中文

This Hubble Space Telescope image captures a portion of the reflection nebula IC 2631, which contains a protostar, the hot, dense core of a forming star that is accumulating gas and dust. Eventually, the protostar may gravitationally gather enough matter to begin nuclear fusion and emit its own energy and starlight. 这张哈勃太空望远镜拍摄的图像捕捉到了反射星云IC2631的一部分，其中包含一颗原恒星，即正在积聚气体和尘埃的正在形成的恒星的炽热致密核心。最终，原恒星可能会在引力作用下聚集足够的物质，开始核聚变，并释放出自身的能量和星光。 Reflection nebulae are clouds of gas and dust that reflect the light from nearby stars. The starlight scatters through the gas and dust like a flashlight beam shining on mist in the dark and illuminates it. Because of the way light scatters when it hits the fine dust of the interstellar medium, these nebulae are often bluish in color. 反射星云是由气体和尘埃组成的云团，能够反射来自附近恒星的光。星光在气体和尘埃中散射，就像手电筒的光束照射在黑暗中照亮了薄雾一样。由于光线在接触到星际介质中的细尘埃时的散射方式，这些星云通常呈蓝色。 Hubble observed this nebula while looking for disks of gas and dust around…

观测暗星云

观测暗星云

ByNASA中文

This stunning image captures a small region on the edge of the inky Coalsack Nebula, or Caldwell 99. Caldwell 99 is a dark nebula — a dense cloud of interstellar dust that completely blocks out visible wavelengths of light from objects behind it. The object at the center of the image is a (much smaller) protoplanetary nebula. The protoplanetary nebula phase is a late stage in the life of a star in which it has ejected a shell of hydrogen gas and is quickly heating up. This stage only lasts for a few thousand years before the protoplanetary nebula’s central star reaches roughly 30,000 Kelvin. At this point, the central star is producing enough energy to make its surrounding shell of gas glow, becoming what’s…

鹰状星云、欧米茄星云、三裂星云和泻湖星云：四大著名星云

鹰状星云、欧米茄星云、三裂星云和泻湖星云：四大著名星云

ByNASA中文

Nebula [ neb-yuh-luh ]: star-forming cloud of gas and dust. Noun, plural neb·u·lae [neb-yuh-lee, -lahy] 星云:由气体和尘埃组成的恒星形成云。名词，复数neb·u·lae [neb-yuh-lee， -lahy] These four nebulae are known for their breathtaking beauty: the Eagle Nebula (which contains the Pillars of Creation), the Omega Nebula, the Trifid Nebula, and the Lagoon Nebula. In the 1950s, a team of astronomers made rough distance measurements to some of the stars in these nebulae and were able to infer the existence of the Sagittarius Arm. Their work provided some of the first evidence of our galaxy’s spiral structure. In a new study, astronomers have shown that these nebulae are part of a substructure within the arm that is angled differently from the rest of the arm. 这四个星云以其令人叹为观止的美丽而闻名：鹰状星云（包含创世之柱）、欧米茄星云、三裂星云和泻湖星云。20世纪50年代，一组天文学家对这些星云中的一些恒星进行了粗略的距离测量，从而能够推断出人马座臂的存在。他们的工作为我们银河系的螺旋结构提供了首批证据。在一项新的研究中，天文学家已经表明，这些星云是旋臂内一个亚结构的一部分，该亚结构的角度与旋臂的其余部分不同。 A key property of spiral arms is…

哈勃的行星状星云视图揭示了复杂的结构

哈勃的行星状星云视图揭示了复杂的结构

ByNASA中文

NGC 6891 is a bright, asymmetrical planetary nebula in the constellation Delphinus, the Dolphin. This Hubble image reveals a wealth of structure, including a spherical outer halo that is expanding faster than the inner nebula, and at least two ellipsoidal shells that are orientated differently. The image also reveals filaments and knots in the nebula’s interior, surrounding the central white dwarf star. From their motions, astronomers estimate that one of the shells is 4,800 years old while the outer halo is some 28,000 years old, indicating a series of outbursts from the dying star at different times. NGC 6891是一个明亮的、不对称的行星状星云，位于海豚座。这张哈勃图像揭示了丰富的结构，包括一个比内星云膨胀得更快的球形外晕，以及至少两个方向不同的椭球壳。这张照片还揭示了星云内部围绕中央白矮星的丝状和结状结构。根据他们的运动，天文学家估计其中一个椭球壳有4,800年的历史，而外晕大约有28,000年的历史，这表明垂死的恒星在不同的时间发生了一系列的爆发。 Hubble studied NGC 6891 as part of efforts to gauge the distances to nebulae, and to learn more about how their structures formed and evolved. NGC…

哈勃见证了奔跑者星云中气体碰撞的冲击波

哈勃见证了奔跑者星云中气体碰撞的冲击波

ByNASA中文

Mounded, luminous clouds of gas and dust glow in this Hubble image of a Herbig-Haro object known as HH 45. Herbig-Haro objects are a rarely seen type of nebula that occurs when hot gas ejected by a newborn star collides with the gas and dust around it at hundreds of miles per second, creating bright shock waves. In this image, blue indicates ionized oxygen (O II) and purple shows ionized magnesium (Mg II). Researchers were particularly interested in these elements because they can be used to identify shocks and ionization fronts. 在这张哈勃拍摄的名为HH 45的赫比格-哈罗天体图像中，堆积的、发光的气体和尘埃云闪闪发光。赫比格-哈罗天体是一种罕见的星云，当新生恒星喷出的热气体以每秒数百英里的速度与周围的气体和尘埃碰撞，产生明亮的冲击波。在这张图片中，蓝色表示电离的氧（O II），紫色表示电离的镁（Mg II）。研究人员对这些元素特别感兴趣，因为它们可以用来识别冲击波和电离锋线。 This object is located in the nebula NGC 1977, which itself is part of a complex of three nebulae called The Running Man. NGC 1977 – like its companions NGC…