哈勃望远镜重访面纱星云

哈勃望远镜重访面纱星云

ByNASA中文

This image taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope revisits the Veil Nebula, which was featured in a previous Hubble image release. In this image, new processing techniques have been applied, bringing out fine details of the nebula’s delicate threads and filaments of ionized gas. To create this colorful image, observations were taken by Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 instrument using five different filters. The new post-processing methods have further enhanced details of emissions from doubly ionized oxygen (seen here in blues), ionized hydrogen, and ionized nitrogen (seen here in reds). The Veil Nebula lies around 2,100 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus (the Swan), making it a relatively close neighbor in astronomical terms. Only a small portion of the nebula was captured…

星云的肖像

星云的肖像

ByNASA中文

This image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope features an impressive portrait of M1-63, an example of a bipolar planetary nebula located in the constellation of Scutum (the Shield). A nebula like this one is formed when the star at its center sheds huge quantities of material from its outer layers, leaving behind a spectacular cloud of gas and dust. It is believed that a binary system of stars at the center of the bipolar nebula is capable of creating hourglass or butterfly-like shapes like the one in this image. This is because the material from the shedding star is funneled toward its poles, with the help of the companion, creating the distinctive double-lobed structure seen in nebulae such as M1-63. Image Credit: ESA/Hubble &…

煤袋星云

煤袋星云

ByNASA中文

This stunning image captures a small region on the edge of the inky Coalsack Nebula, or Caldwell 99. Caldwell 99 is a dark nebula — a dense cloud of interstellar dust that completely blocks out visible wavelengths of light from objects behind it. The object at the center of the image is a (much smaller) protoplanetary nebula. The protoplanetary nebula phase is a late stage in the life of a star in which it has ejected a shell of hydrogen gas and is quickly heating up. This stage only lasts for a few thousand years before the protoplanetary nebula’s central star reaches roughly 30,000 Kelvin (approximately 17,000 degrees Fahrenheit). At this point, the central star is producing enough energy to make its surrounding shell of…

哈勃望远镜发现了星际间的相互作用

哈勃望远镜发现了星际间的相互作用

ByNASA中文

The life of a planetary nebula is often chaotic, from the death of its parent star to the scattering of its contents far out into space. Captured here by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, ESO 455-10 is one such planetary nebula, located in the constellation of Scorpius (The Scorpion). The oblate shells of ESO 455-10, previously held tightly together as layers of its central star, not only give this planetary nebula its unique appearance, but also offer information about the nebula. Seen in a field of stars, the distinct asymmetrical arc of material over the north side of the nebula is a clear sign of interactions between ESO 455-10 and the interstellar medium. The interstellar medium is the material such as diffuse gas between star…

明亮的蓝色恒星

明亮的蓝色恒星

ByNASA中文

Inside star cluster NGC 602, a star-forming region in the Small Magellanic Cloud, bright, blue, newly formed stars are blowing a cavity in this nebula,sculpting the inner edge of its outer portions, slowly eroding it away and eating into the material beyond. The diffuse outer reaches of the nebula prevent the energetic outflows from streaming away from the cluster. Elephant trunk–like dust pillars point toward the hot blue stars and are telltale signs of their eroding effect. Star formation started at the center of the cluster and propagated outward, with the youngest stars still forming today along the dust ridges. Image Credit: NASA 在星团NGC 602内部，小麦哲伦星云中的恒星形成区域，明亮、蓝色、新形成的恒星正在星云中吹出一个空腔，雕刻着其外部部分的内缘，慢慢地将其腐蚀掉，并侵蚀着外面的物质。星云扩散的外层区域阻止了从星团中流出的能量。象鼻状的尘埃柱指向炽热的蓝色恒星，这是它们受到侵蚀的迹象。恒星的形成始于星团的中心，并向外传播，最年轻的恒星至今仍在沿着星尘脊形成。 影像来源：NASA

恒星珠宝盒

恒星珠宝盒

ByNASA中文

Thousands of sparkling young stars are nestled within the giant nebula NGC 3603, one of the most massive young star clusters in the Milky Way Galaxy. NGC 3603, a prominent star-forming region in the Carina spiral arm of the Milky Way about 20,000 light-years away, reveals stages in the life cycle of stars. Powerful ultraviolet radiation and fast winds from the bluest and hottest stars have blown a big bubble around the cluster. Moving into the surrounding nebula, this torrent of radiation sculpted the tall, dark stalks of dense gas, which are embedded in the walls of the nebula. These gaseous monoliths are a few light-years tall and point to the central cluster. The stalks may be incubators for new stars. On a smaller scale,…

哈勃拍摄了一个特殊的恒星苗圃

哈勃拍摄了一个特殊的恒星苗圃

ByNASA中文

This image, taken with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, depicts a special class of star-forming nursery known as Free-floating Evaporating Gaseous Globules, or frEGGs for short. This object is formally known as J025157.5+600606. When a massive new star starts to shine while still within the cool molecular gas cloud from which it formed, its energetic radiation can ionize the cloud’s hydrogen and create a large, hot bubble of ionized gas. Amazingly, located within this bubble of hot gas around a nearby massive star are the frEGGs: dark compact globules of dust and gas, some of which are giving birth to low-mass stars. The boundary between the cool, dusty frEGG and the hot gas bubble is seen as the glowing purple/blue edges in this fascinating image….

幽灵星云

幽灵星云

ByNASA中文

The brightest stars embedded in nebulae throughout our galaxy pour out a torrent of radiation that eats into vast clouds of hydrogen gas – the raw material for building new stars. This etching process sculpts a fantasy landscape where human imagination can see all kinds of shapes and figures. This nebula in the constellation of Cassiopeia has flowing veils of gas and dust that have earned it the nickname “Ghost Nebula.” Officially known as IC 63, this nebula is located 550 light-years away in the constellation Cassiopeia the Queen. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and STScI/Acknowledgment: H. Arab (University of Strasbourg) 嵌在我们整个银河系星云中的最亮的恒星会释放出一股辐射流，这些辐射流会吞噬巨大的氢气云，而氢气是形成新恒星的原材料。这种蚀刻工艺塑造了一个幻想的景观，在那里人类的想象力可以看到各种各样的形状和图形。这颗位于仙后座的星云有着流动的气体和尘埃的面纱，因此有了“幽灵星云”的绰号。 这个星云的官方名称是IC 63，位于550光年之外的仙后座女皇座。 图片来源：NASA，ESA和STScI /致谢：H. Arab（斯特拉斯堡大学）

虹膜星云

虹膜星云

ByNASA中文

This beautiful, blushing nebula is unique amongst its counterparts. While many of the nebulae visible in the night sky are emission nebulae — clouds of dust and gas that are hot enough to emit their own radiation and light — Caldwell 4, otherwise known as the Iris Nebula or NGC 7023, is a reflection nebula. This means that its color comes from the scattered light of its central star, which lies nestled in the abundant star fields of the constellation Cepheus. Located some 1,400 light-years away from Earth, the Iris Nebula’s glowing gaseous petals stretch roughly 6 light-years across. This nebula is of particular interest to scientists because of its colors. Reflection nebulae glow because they are made up of extremely tiny particles of solid…

NASA钱德拉X射线天文台开启宇宙宝藏宝库

NASA钱德拉X射线天文台开启宇宙宝藏宝库

ByNASA中文

这组图片对来自各种太空探测任务和望远镜的不同种类的光的图像进行了组合，以更好地理解宇宙。每个合成图像都包含来自钱德拉X射线天文台（Chandra X-ray Observatory）的X射线数据和其他望远镜的数据。这些图片分别显示了一系列不同的天体，包括梅西耶82星系、阿贝尔2744星系团、超新星1987A、海山二星、车轮星系和螺旋星云。 来源：NASA / CXC / SAO，NASA /STScI，NASA /JPL-Caltech / SSC，ESO /NAOJ / NRAO，NRAO /AUI / NSF，NASA /CXC / SAO / PSU和NASA /ESA 人类可以通过全球范围内的望远镜和太空中的探测器探测到所有不同类型的光。从无线电波到伽玛射线，这种“多波长式”天文学方法对于全面了解太空中的天体至关重要。 上方所示的合成图提供了来自不同任务和望远镜的图像示例，这些图像被组合在一起以更好地了解宇宙科学。每幅图像都包含来自NASA钱德拉X射线天文台以及其他望远镜的数据，它们分别显示了不同类型的天体（星系、超新星遗迹、恒星、行星状星云），但从整体层面上它们共同展示了对整个电磁频谱的数据进行组合的可能性。 M82 来源：X射线数据来自NASA/CXC；光学数据来自NASA/STScI 梅西耶82，也称M82，是一个边缘朝向地球的不规则星系。这为天文学家和天文望远镜提供了一个绝佳的角度来观测该星系正处于恒星爆发时期所发生的事情。来自钱德拉的X射线数据（显示为蓝色和粉红色）展示了长达两万光年的、正在向外蔓延的气体，由于反复的超新星爆炸，这些气体被加热到了上千万度。来自哈勃太空望远镜的光学数据（显示为红色和橙色），展示了梅西耶82星系的主体部分。 阿贝尔2744（Abell2744） 来源：NASA/CXC；光学数据来自：NASA/STScI 星系团是宇宙中最大的结构，它们通过重力保持在一起。它们包含了数百到数千个星系和大量被称为等离子体的热气，这些气体的温度约为5000万度，在X射线中闪闪发光，直径范围达到数百万光年。阿贝尔 2744，又称为潘朵拉星系团。这幅图由来自钱德拉线的X射线数据（蓝色弥漫区域）和来自哈勃太空望远镜的光学数据（显示为红色、绿色和蓝色）合成。 超新星1987A（SN 1987A） 来源：射电望远镜数据来自ALMA—“阿塔卡玛毫米/亚毫米波阵列望远镜”(ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), P. Cigan and R. Indebetouw; NRAO/AUI/NSF, B. Saxton；X射线数据来自NASA/CXC/SAO/PSU/K. Frank et al.；光学数据来自NASA/STScI 1987年2月24日，南半球的观测者在附近的星系中观测到一个新的天体，叫做大麦哲伦星云（Large MagellanicCloud）。当时观测到了几个世纪以来最明亮的超新星爆炸事件之一，这颗巨大的超新星后来被命名为超新星1987A（SN 1987A）。来自钱德拉的数据（显示为蓝色）显示了超新星冲击波（类似于超音速飞机的音爆）的位置，与原始爆炸点相距约四光年处的周边物质相互作用。来自哈勃望远镜的光学数据（显示为橙色和红色）也显示了环中这种相互作用的证据。 海山二星（Eta Carinae） 来源：NASA/CXC; 紫外线数据/光学数据来自NASA/STScI；合成图片来自NASA/ESA/N. Smith (University ofArizona), J. Morese (BoldlyGo Instituts) and A. Pagan 银河系中发生超新星爆炸的下一颗恒星会是哪一个？对此，天文学家还不确定，但其中一个候选对象是海山二星（Eta Carinae），这是一个包含两颗大质量恒星的不稳定系统，它们紧密地围绕着对方运行。这幅图像由三种类型的光数据合成：来自哈勃望远镜的光学数据（显示为白色），来自哈勃望远镜的紫外线数据（显示为青色）和来自钱德拉的X射线数据（显示为紫色）。前期的爆发形成了充满炙热的喷发气体、围绕两颗恒星的圆形突出部分，直径约为2.3光年。 车轮星系（CartwheelGalaxy） 图片来源:：X射线数据来自 NASA/CXC; 光学数据来自 NASA/STScI 车轮星系的外形类似于牛眼，这种描述还是比较恰当的，因为它的外形是部分由于穿过该星系中央的一个较小的星系所致。车轮星系的边缘是一个巨大的环状结构，直径约15万光年，由新形成的明亮大质量恒星所构成。剧烈的碰撞产生了冲击波，这些冲击波席卷了整个星系并引发了大量恒星形成。来自钱德拉的X射线数据显示为紫色，来自哈勃望远镜的光学数据（显示为红色，绿色和蓝色）表明了由碰撞引发形成的恒星的潜在位置。 螺旋星云（Helix Nebula） 来源: X射线数据来自NASA/CXC；紫外线数据来自 NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSC; 光学数据来自NASA/STScI(M. Meixner)/ESA/NRAO(T.A.Rector); 红外线数据来自 NASA/JPL-Caltech/K. Su 当像太阳这样的恒星耗尽燃料时会发生膨胀，外层脱落，之后，恒星内核收缩。这一阶段的恒星图像被称为“行星状星云”（planetary nebula），天文学家预计太阳将在大约50亿年内经历这一过程。这张螺旋星云图像包含来自NASA的斯皮策太空望远镜的红外数据（显示为绿色和红色），来自哈勃望远镜的光学数据（显示为橙色和蓝色），来自NASA的星系演化探测器（Galaxy Evolution Explorer）的紫外线数据（显示为青色）以及钱德拉的X射线数据（显示为白色），图像显示了在螺旋星云中心形成的白矮星。该图像跨越约四个光年。 其中三幅图像：超新星1987A、海山二星和螺旋星云是NASA学习宇宙（Universe of Learning，UoL）计划的一部分，这是一个综合的天体物理学学习和扫盲计划，特别是其中的ViewSpace项目。UoL汇聚了钱德拉X射线天文台、哈勃太空望远镜，斯皮策太空望远镜和其他NASA天体物理学探测任务的专家。 NASA的马歇尔太空飞行中心负责管理钱德拉计划。位于马萨诸塞州柏林顿的史密森尼天体物理学天文台的钱德拉X射线中心负责管理科研和飞行运作。 参见： https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/nasas-chandra-opens-treasure-trove-of-cosmic-delights.html