醋山后方的火星与昴宿星团

醋山后方的火星与昴宿星团

2021年04月06日 Mars and the Pleiades Beyond Vinegar Hill Image Credit & Copyright: Kristine Richer Explanation: Is this just a lonely tree on an empty hill? To start, perhaps, but look beyond. There, a busy universe may wait to be discovered. First, physically, to the left of the tree, is the planet Mars. The red planet, which is the new home to NASA’s Perseverance rover, remains visible this month at sunset above the western horizon. To the tree’s right is the Pleiades, a bright cluster of stars dominated by several bright blue stars. The featured picture is a composite of several separate foreground and background images taken within a few hours of each other, early last month, from the same location on Vinegar Hill in Milford,…

NASA的火星直升机独自度过了第一个寒冷的火星之夜

NASA的火星直升机独自度过了第一个寒冷的火星之夜

2021年4月4日,第44个火星日,或者说是任务的执行日,从毅力号火星车的后置危险相机来看,可以看到NASA的 机智号直升机在火星上。 影像来源:NASA / JPL-Caltech NASA的毅力号火星车登陆火星后,能在火星寒冷的温度中生存是这架小型旋翼飞行器的一个重要里程碑。 机智号火星直升机已经在火星表面度过了它的第一个夜晚。 杰泽罗陨石坑的夜晚温度可以骤降到零下130华氏度(零下90摄氏度),这可能会冻裂没有保护的电气部件,并损坏飞行所需的机载电池。在4月3日从NASA的毅力号火星车的腹部部署后的第一个夜晚幸存下来,是这个4磅(1.8公斤)重的旋翼飞行器的一个重要里程碑。在未来的日子里,机智号将成为第一架尝试在另一个星球上进行动力控制飞行的飞机。 “这是机智号第一次依靠自己的力量在火星表面活动,”位于南加州的NASA喷气推进实验室的机智号项目经理米米昂(MiMi Aung)说。”但我们现在已经确认,我们有合适的绝缘材料,合适的加热器,以及它的电池中有足够的能量来度过寒冷的夜晚,这是团队的一大胜利。我们很高兴能继续为机智号的首次飞行测试做准备。” 设计一个足够小的飞行器以适应火星车,足够轻的飞行器以在火星稀薄的大气层中飞行,但又足够坚韧以抵御火星的寒冷,这带来了巨大的挑战。为了确保直升机旋翼顶部的太阳能阵列能够尽快开始获得阳光,”锲而不舍 “号被指示在部署 “独创性 “号后不久就远离它。 要想设计出一艘体积小到能装到漫游者身上、重量轻到能在火星稀薄的大气中飞行、又能耐寒的飞船,这是一个重大的挑战。为了确保直升机旋翼上的太阳能电池阵列能够尽快获得阳光,在毅力号部署机智号后不久,毅力被指示离开机智号。 在直升机把它的四根支架放在火星表面之前,机智号一直附着在火星车的腹部,接受毅力号的动力,毅力号于2月18日在杰杰泽罗陨石坑着陆。火星车充当了机智号和地球之间的通信中继器,它将利用它的一套相机从 范·齐尔瞭望台(Van Zyl Overlook)观察太阳能动力直升机的飞行特性。 机智号的唯一任务是在火星稀薄的大气层中进行飞行测试,这是一项技术演示,直升机没有携带任何科学仪器。在火星表面的30天内,或称火星日(一个火星日为24.6小时),机智号将完成测试,而 毅力号对杰泽罗陨石坑的科学探索也将拉开序幕。 “我们的30个火星日测试计划前期充满了令人兴奋的里程碑,”JPL的机智号火星直升机副运营负责人Teddy Tzanetos说。”无论未来会发生什么,我们都会在这个时间范围内获取所有的飞行数据。” 机智号之月 4月4日,毅力号下传了直升机在火星表面的第一张图像。这张图片由火星车左后方的避险相机拍摄,图片显示,直升机的旋翼仍然叠加在一起,相互对齐(这种配置在火星之旅中用于节省空间),其四个脚垫牢牢地扎进了火星表面。 在毅力号火星车将旋翼飞行器部署到火星表面后,机智号火星直升机用它的彩色照相机从火星车下面拍摄了这张照片。照片拍摄于2021年4月3日。 影像来源:NASA/JPL-Caltech 在接下来的两天里,机智号将收集有关热控和动力系统性能的信息,现在这架小型直升机已经独立于火星环境中。这些信息将被用来微调机智号的热控系统,以帮助它在整个飞行实验期间度过严酷的火星夜晚。 点击(或触摸)并拖动,与火星2020机智号直升机的3D模型互动。如欲了解更多关于机智号的信息,请访问https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/。 资料来源:NASA/JPL-Caltech 4月7日,自发射前就将旋翼叶片固定在一起的约束装置将被释放。如果任务团队达成这一里程碑,接下来的几个火星日将涉及对旋翼以及驱动旋翼的发动机进行更多的测试。此外,还将对惯性测量装置(一种测量机体方位和角率的电子装置)和负责直升机自主飞行的机载计算机进行检查。此外,该团队还将继续监测直升机的能源性能,包括评估太阳能电池阵列的功率和飞机的6个锂离子电池的充电状态。 如果各种飞行前检查一切顺利,机智号将于4月11日晚上首次尝试从33×33英尺(10×10米)的 机场 中间起飞–该机场因平坦且没有障碍物而被选中。 随后的飞行试验将安排在整个机智号之月期间进行,毅力号的摄像机将为这一历史性任务提供大量的高清图像。 关于机智号更多信息 机智号火星直升机由喷气推进实验室制造,喷气推进实验室还为美国航天局总部管理这一技术演示项目。喷气推进实验室由美国航天局科学任务局、美国航天局航空研究任务局和美国航天局空间技术任务局的支持。美国宇航局的艾姆斯研究中心和兰利研究中心提供了重要的飞行性能分析和技术援助。 在美国宇航局总部,戴夫·莱弗里(Dave Lavery)是火星直升机的项目主管。在喷气推进实验室,米米昂(MiMi Aung)是项目经理,J.(Bob)巴拉罗姆(J. (Bob) Balaram)是总工程师。 喷气推进实验室是由位于加州帕萨迪纳的加州理工学院为NASA管理,它建造并管理了机智号火星直升机的运作。 有关机智号更多信息,请访问: https://go.nasa.gov/ingenuity-press-kit 及 https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter 关于毅力号的更多信息 毅力号在火星上的任务的主要目标是天体生物学,包括寻找古代微生物生命的迹象。火星车将确定该星球的地质和过去气候的特征,为人类探索红色星球铺平道路,并将成为第一个收集和储存火星岩石和碎石(碎石和尘埃)的任务。 随后的NASA任务将与ESA(欧洲航天局)合作,将航天器送往火星,以从火星表面收集这些密封的样本,然后将它们送回地球进行深入分析。 喷气推进实验室构建并管理毅力号的运行。 有关毅力的更多信息,请访问: nasa.gov/perseverance 及 mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/

机智号的第40火星日

机智号的第40火星日

2021年04月03日 Ingenuity on Sol 39 Image Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / MSSS Explanation: The Mars Ingenuity Helicopter, all four landing legs down, was captured here on sol 39 (March 30) slung beneath the belly of the Perseverance rover. The near ground level view is a mosaic of images from the WATSON camera on the rover’s SHERLOC robotic arm. Near the center of the frame the experimental helicopter is suspended just a few centimeters above the martian surface. Tracks from Perseverance extend beyond the rover’s wheels with the rim of Jezero crater visible about 2 kilometers in the distance. Ingenuity has a weight of 1.8 kilograms or 4 pounds on Earth. That corresponds to a weight of 0.68 kilograms or 1.5 pounds on Mars. With rotor…

火星的冰霜沙丘

火星的冰霜沙丘

A field of sand dunes occupies this frosty 5-kilometer diameter crater in the high-latitudes of the northern plains of Mars. Some dunes have separated from the main field and appear to be climbing up the crater slope along a gully-like form. The surface of the main dune field is characterized by a series of dark-toned polygonal patterns. These may be the result of seasonal frost processes. Several of the steeper dune slopes, pointing in the downwind direction, host narrow furrows suggesting the start of gully formation. The crater floor contains a variety of textures, including lobate and striped patterns that indicate seasonal thaw caused by sublimating ice. Broad downslope movement of materials on the crater slopes opposite the dune field superficially resemble gullies, except that…

好奇号在火星的第3048天

好奇号在火星的第3048天

2021年03月25日 Curiosity: Sol 3048 Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech – Processing: Elisabetta Bonora & Marco Faccin / aliveuniverse.today Explanation: Before Perseverance there was Curiosity. In fact, the Curiosity rover accomplished the first sky crane maneuver touchdown on Mars on April 5, 2012. March 2, 2021 marked Curiosity’s 3,048th martian day operating on the surface of the Red Planet. This 360 degree panorama from sol 3048 is a mosaic of 149 frames from Curiosity’s Mastcam above the rover’s deck. It includes 23 frames of icy, thin, high clouds drifting through the martian sky. The cloudy sky frames were recorded throughout that martian day and are digitally stitched together in the panoramic view. Near center is a layered and streaked Mont Mercou. The peak of central Mount Sharp, rising…

达多五石上空的火星

达多五石上空的火星

2021年03月23日 Mars over Duddo Stone Circle Image Credit & Copyright: Ged Kivlehan Explanation: Why are these large stones here? One the more famous stone circles is the Duddo Five Stones of Northumberland, England. Set in the open near the top of a modest incline, a short hike across empty fields will bring you to unusual human -sized stones that are unlike anything surrounding them. The grooved, pitted, and deeply weathered surfaces of the soft sandstones are consistent with being placed about 4000 years ago — but placed for reasons now unknown. The featured image — a composite of two consecutive images taken from the same location — was captured last October under a starry sky when the Earth was passing near Mars, making the red…

火星上的机智号直升机(模拟图)

火星上的机智号直升机(模拟图)

An illustration of NASA’s Ingenuity Helicopter flying on Mars. Ingenuity, a technology demonstration experiment, will be the first aircraft to attempt powered, controlled flight on another planet. Ingenuity arrived at Mars on Feb. 18, 2021, attached to the belly of NASA’s Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. Ingenuity is expected to attempt its first flight test in spring 2021. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory built and manages operations of Perseverance and Ingenuity for the agency. Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages JPL for NASA. For more information about Ingenuity, go to: mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech 这是NASA机智号直升机在火星上飞行的模拟图片。 机智号,一项技术演示实验,将成为第一架尝试在另一个星球上进行动力控制飞行的飞机。机智号于2021年2月18日抵达火星,连接在美国宇航局火星2020毅力号火星车的腹部。机智号预计将于2021年春天进行首次飞行测试。 NASA的喷气推进实验室为该局建造并管理毅力号和机智号的运作。位于加州帕萨迪纳的加州理工学院为NASA管理喷气推进实验室。 有关Ingenuity的更多信息,请访问:mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter。 影像来源:NASA/JPL-Caltech

超级相机在火星的靶子

超级相机在火星的靶子

2021年03月13日 SuperCam Target on Ma’az Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/LANL/CNES/CNRS Explanation: What’s the sound of one laser zapping? There’s no need to consult a Zen master to find out, just listen to the first acoustic recording of laser shots on Mars. On Perseverance mission sol 12 (March 2) the SuperCam instrument atop the rover’s mast zapped a rock dubbed Ma’az 30 times from a range of about 3.1 meters. Its microphone recorded the soft staccato popping sounds of the rapid series of SuperCam laser zaps. Shockwaves created in the thin martian atmosphere as bits of rock are vaporized by the laser shots make the popping sounds, sounds that offer clues to the physical structure of the target. This SuperCam close-up of the Ma’az target region is 6…

黄道光与火星

黄道光与火星

2021年03月11日 Zodiacal Light and Mars Image Credit & Copyright: Joshua Rhoades Explanation: Just after sunset on March 7, a faint band of light still reaches above the western horizon in this serene, rural Illinois, night skyscape. Taken from an old farmstead, the luminous glow is zodiacal light, prominent in the west after sunset during planet Earth’s northern hemisphere spring. On that clear evening the band of zodiacal light seems to engulf bright yellowish Mars and the Pleiades star cluster. Their close conjunction is in the starry sky above the old barn’s roof. Zodiacal light is sunlight scattered by interplanetary dust particles that lie near the Solar System’s ecliptic plane. Of course all the Solar System’s planets orbit near the plane of the ecliptic, within the…

毅力号360度全景:不寻常的石块和寻找火星生命

毅力号360度全景:不寻常的石块和寻找火星生命

2021年03月09日 Perseverance 360: Unusual Rocks and the Search for Life on Mars Image Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, ASU, MSSS Explanation: Is that a fossil? Looking through recent images of Mars taken by the new Perseverance rover may seem a bit like treasure hunting, with the possibility of fame coming to the first person to correctly identify a petrified bone, a rock imprinted by an ancient plant, or any clear indication that life once existed on Mars. Unfortunately, even though it is possible that something as spectacular as a skeleton could be identified, most exobiologists think it much more likely that biochemical remnants of ancient single-celled microbes could be found with Perseverance’s chemical analyzers. A key reason is that multicellular organisms may take a greater amount of…