NASA的历史

In honor of Women’s History Month, NASA celebrates the many contributions women have made to the nation, world, and beyond, including five women at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, who developed flight software that will control the rocket for Artemis missions to the Moon. These engineers developed and tested Space Launch System (SLS) software that will tell the rocket how to operate for the first 8 minutes of the Artemis I mission during its launch and ascent to orbit. Their work continues Marshall’s legacy of propelling NASA exploration through engineering. Built and managed by the Flight and Ground Software and Simulation Division, the SIL, or System Integration Lab, at Marshall is where Space Launch System flight software is validated, and SLS System performance…

Rosemary Dobbins was an artist at the Marshall Space Flight Center. Dobbins illustrated many iconic images of the Apollo era, including this cutaway illustration of the Saturn V command module (CM) configuration. The CM included some of the most complex equipment ever sent into space at the time. The three astronaut couches were surrounded by instrument panels, navigation gear, radios, life-support systems, and small engines to keep it stable during reentry. The entire cone, 11 feet long and 13 feet in diameter, was protected by a charring heat shield. The 6.5 ton CM was all that was finally left of the 3,000-ton Saturn V vehicle that lifted off on the journey to the Moon. Women scientists, artists, and others–from Nancy Grace Roman, NASA’s first chief…

Astronaut Victor Glover was assigned to the first mission to the International Space Station onboard SpaceX’s Crew Dragon, during an event on Friday, Aug. 3, 2018, at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Other astronauts assigned to crew the first flight tests and missions of the Boeing CST-100 Starliner and SpaceX Crew Dragon also were announced during the event. Glover piloted SpaceX’s Crew Dragon, which splashed down on May 2, 2021, that carried fellow NASA astronauts Michael Hopkins and Shannon Walker, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Soichi Noguchi. The mission returned to Earth in a parachute-assisted splashdown at 2:56 a.m. EDT off the coast of Panama City, Florida. Crews aboard SpaceX recovery vessels successfully recovered the spacecraft and astronauts. In this image, Glover…

“There are few artists in the aerospace industry whose career was as varied or accomplished as Ted Brown,” so reads his artist profile on the blog numbers station by Mike Acs. Brown “began as a graphic designer with [McDonnell] Douglas in 1962, and over the next four decades carved out an enviable career: he illustrated everything from the Buck Rogers imaginings of Philip Bono, Gemini and Apollo to the Shuttle Program. His art permeates the story of space exploration. It is in industry periodicals, newspapers and books and has been since the early sixties. You know his work. He is as ubiquitous as he is anonymous and that’s something I love about him, because I imagine that is exactly how he wanted it. So, this…

Melba Roy Mouton (1929-1990) was a mathematician and computer programmer in NASA’s Trajectory and Geodynamics Division, acting as the Assistant Chief of Research Programs. Mouton worked at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, coding computer programs to calculate the trajectories and locations of various aircraft. She also led the group of “human computers,” who tracked the Echo satellites. Roy and her team’s computations helped produce the orbital element timetables by which millions could view the satellite from Earth as it passed overhead. Image Credit: NASA 梅尔巴·罗伊·莫顿（Melba Roy Mouton，1929-1990）是美国宇航局轨道和地球动力学部门的数学家和计算机程序员，担任研究项目助理主管。穆顿在美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心工作，负责编写计算机程序，计算各种飞行器的轨迹和位置。 她还领导了跟踪Echo卫星的“人类计算机”小组。罗伊和她的团队的计算帮助产生了轨道元素时间表，数百万人可以通过这些时间表从地球上看到从头顶经过的卫星。 影像来源：NASA

As NASA prepares to send astronauts to the Moon through the Artemis Program, engineers are working on technologies that will give these explorers power – solar power, that is. In space, the harsh radiation and huge temperature changes make for a challenging environment. Dr. Lyndsey McMillon-Brown at NASA’s Glenn Research Center leads a study of solar cells made from a material called perovskite. This material has the potential to help power lunar habitats one day. Dr. McMillon-Brown is the principal investigator for a project that is working on solar cells for space applications, including the Moon and Mars. View the Black History Month Image Gallery. Read her interview with Dr. Jim Green. #BlackHistoryMonth Image Credit: NASA/Bridget Caswell 随着美国宇航局准备通过阿尔忒弥斯计划将宇航员送上月球，工程师们正在研究为这些探险者提供能源的技术——即太阳能。在太空中，恶劣的辐射和巨大的温度变化造成了一个具有挑战性的环境。 美国宇航局格伦研究中心的林赛·麦克米隆·布朗博士领导了一项由钙钛矿材料制成的太阳能电池的研究。这种材料有可能有一天帮助月球栖息地提供能源。麦克米隆·布朗博士是一个项目的首席研究员，该项目正在研究用于太空应用的太阳能电池，包括月球和火星。 查看黑人历史月画廊。 阅读她对吉姆·格林博士的采访。 #黑色历史月 图片来源：NASA/Bridget Caswell

In this image from February 1966, mathematician Daniel G. Nichols, who worked in the Real-Time Program Development Branch, Mission Planning and Analysis Division, is photographed at NASA’s Manned Space Center (now the Johnson Space Center) in Houston. Nichols worked for the agency more than 25 years, including in mission control during the Apollo Program. According to a 1963 press release, Nichols’ “extensive knowledge of digital computers is responsible for his position as coordinator between Flight Operations Division and IBM in implementing the Real Time Computer Complex.” Black History Month gallery Image Credit: NASA 在这张1966年2月的照片中，在任务规划和分析部实时程序开发部门工作的数学家丹尼尔·G·尼科尔斯在休斯顿的NASA载人航天中心（现为约翰逊航天中心）拍摄。尼科尔斯在该机构工作了超过25年，包括在阿波罗计划期间的任务控制。 根据1963年的新闻稿，尼科尔斯“对数字计算机的广泛了解是他在实施实时计算机综合体方面担任飞行运营部门和IBM之间的协调员的原因”。 黑人历史月画廊 图片来源：NASA