NASA的历史

Mary W. Jackson, NASA’s first black female engineer, was born April 9, 1921. Jackson earned degrees in mathematics and physical sciences in 1942. She landed a job at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory’s segregated West Area Computing section in 1951, reporting to the group’s supervisor Dorothy Vaughan and eventually working alongside Katherine Johnson. The trio were the subject of the 2016 feature film, Hidden Figures, which detailed their legendary careers and the contributions they made to America’s space program despite racism and segregation. Jackson worked tirelessly throughout her career to promote the rights of women and people of color. Among her many accolades were the receipt of a the highest civilian award in the country, the Congressional Gold Medal and the renaming of the NASA…

​As a NASA payload communications manager, or PAYCOM, Penny J. Pettigrew spends most days in the Payload Operations Integration Center at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, communicating with coworkers some 250 miles overhead – the astronauts conducting scientific research aboard the International Space Station, as shown in this image from 2017. In 1989, Pettigrew, a space program enthusiast from an early age, attended Space Camp at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, an experience which opened her eyes to all the opportunities in the “Rocket City.” She began pursuing her childhood dream in earnest when she attended the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, where she earned her undergraduate degree in Chemistry in 1992. In 1996, she received her Master’s…

On March 18, 1978, space shuttle Enterprise arrived at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center for mated vertical ground vibration testing, which marked the first time the entire shuttle compliment – orbiter, external tank, and solid rocket boosters – were mated vertically. Here, Enterprise is offloaded at Redstone Arsenal Airfield before being moved to Marshall’s Dynamic Test Stand. Today, Marshall is playing a vital role in the Artemis program by developing the Space Launch System, the backbone of NASA’s exploration plans and the only rocket capable of sending humans to the Moon and Mars. #TBT Image Credit: NASA 1978年3月18日，企业号航天飞机抵达美国国家航空航天局马歇尔航天飞行中心，进行地面垂直振动测试，这标志着航天飞机的全部设备——轨道飞行器、外部燃料箱和固体火箭助推器——首次实现垂直对接。在这里，企业号在红石军火库机场卸下飞机然后被转移到马歇尔的动态试验台。今天，马歇尔通过开发太空发射系统在阿耳忒弥斯计划中发挥着至关重要的作用。太空发射系统是美国宇航局探索计划的支柱，也是唯一能够将人类送上月球和火星的火箭。 #TBT 图片来源:美国国家航空航天局

In this image from Jan. 18, 2019, Teddy Tzanetos, MiMi Aung and Bob Balaram of NASA’s Mars Helicopter project observe a flight test of a model of the Mars Helicopter in the Space Simulator, a 25-foot-wide (7.62 meter-wide) vacuum chamber at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Aung is currently the Mars Helicopter Project manager. Aung, who has worked at JPL since 1990, was selected as one of the top 100 Women in the world by the BBC in 2019. Learn about other women scientists at JPL. #WomensHistoryMonth Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech 这张照片摄于2019年1月18日，美国宇航局（NASA）火星直升机项目的泰迪·扎内托斯（Teddy Tzanetos）、米米·昂（MiMi Aung）和鲍勃·巴拉兰（Bob Balaram）在喷气推进实验室(JPL)的一个25英尺宽(7.62米宽)的真空室空间模拟器中观察火星直升机模型的飞行测试。昂目前是火星直升机项目经理。 昂，自1990年以来一直在JPL工作，2019年被英国广播公司（BBC）评选为世界上最优秀的100名女性之一。 了解JPL的其他女性科学家。 #WomensHistoryMonth 图片来源：NASA/JPL-Caltech

March 8 of each year is celebrated around the globe as International Women’s Day. At NASA, women – be they scientists, pilots, astronauts or subject matter experts – help the agency fulfill its mission. Joan Higginbotham is one of those women. She was selected as an astronaut candidate in 1996. She began her career at NASA in 1987 as an electrical engineer at the Kennedy Space Center. In November 2007, Higginbotham retired from NASA. In this image from 2003, Higginbotham took a break from training for the STS-116 mission and is shown in front of a NASA T-38 trainer. #ChooseToChallenge #InternationalWomensDay 每年的3月8日是世界各地庆祝国际妇女节。 在NASA，女性（无论是科学家，飞行员，宇航员还是主题专家）都可以帮助该机构完成任务。琼·希金波坦就是其中之一。 1996年，她被选为宇航员候选人。1987年，她在NASA开始了自己的职业生涯，在肯尼迪航天中心担任电气工程师。2007年11月，希金波坦从NASA退休。 在这张2003年的照片中，希金波坦在STS-116任务的训练中休息了一下，并出现在NASA的T-38教练机前。 #ChooseToChallenge #InternationalWomensDay

Kelly J. Latimer was a research pilot in the Flight Crew Branch of NASA’s Dryden (now Armstrong) Flight Research Center from March through November 2007 and flew the T38, T-34, G-III, C-17, and the Ikhana/Predator B. Latimer was the center’s first female research test pilot. Prior to joining NASA, Latimer was on active duty with the U.S. Air Force. She accumulated more than 5,000 hours of military and civilian flight experience in 30 aircraft. Image Credit: NASA/Tony Landis 2007年3月至11月，凯利·j·拉蒂默(Kelly J. Latimer)是美国国家航空航天局德莱登(现阿姆斯特朗)飞行研究中心机组人员部门的一名研究飞行员，曾驾驶过T38、T-34、G-III、C-17和伊卡那/掠夺者B号飞机。 拉蒂默是该中心第一位女性研究试飞员。在加入NASA之前，拉蒂默在美国空军服役。她在30架飞机上积累了超过5000小时的军用和民用飞行经验。 图片来源:美国国家航空航天局/托尼·兰迪斯

On Thursday, Feb. 25, 2021, the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters sign is installed ahead of the building naming ceremony, which took place the following day at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Mary W. Jackson, the first African American female engineer at NASA, began her career with the agency in the segregated West Area Computing Unit of NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The mathematician and aerospace engineer went on to lead programs influencing the hiring and promotion of women in NASA’s science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers. In 2019, she posthumously received the Congressional Gold Medal. Image Credit: NASA/Joel Kowsky 2021年2月25日，星期四，玛丽·W·杰克逊（Mary W. Jackson）美国宇航局总部标志在第二天在华盛顿的美国宇航局总部举行的建筑物命名仪式之前安装。玛丽·W·杰克逊NASA第一位非裔女性工程师，她的职业生涯始于NASA位于弗吉尼亚州汉普顿的兰利研究中心(Langley Research Center)的西部地区计算机部门。这位数学家和航空航天工程师继续领导影响NASA在科学、技术、工程和数学职业中聘用和晋升女性的项目。在2019年，她死后获得了国会金牌。 图片来源：NASA/乔尔·科斯基（Joel Kowsky）