太阳极小期与太阳极大期

2023年12月11日

Solar Minimum versus Solar Maximum
Video Credit: NASA, SDO, SVS

Explanation: The surface of our Sun is constantly changing. Some years it is quiet, showing relatively few sunspots and active regions. Other years it is churning, showing many sunspots and throwing frequent Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and flares. Reacting to magnetism, our Sun’s surface goes through periods of relative calm, called Solar Minimum and relative unrest, called Solar Maximum, every 11 years. The featured video shows on the left a month in late 2019 when the Sun was near Solar Minimum, while on the right a month in 2014 when near Solar Maximum. The video was taken by NASA’s Solar Dynamic Observatory in far ultraviolet light. Our Sun is progressing again toward Solar Maximum in 2025, but displaying even now a surface with a surprisingly high amount of activity.

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太阳极小期与太阳极大期
影片提供: NASA, SDO, SVS

说明: 太阳表面不停的在变。它有些年分很宁静，出现相对少量的太阳黑子和活跃区。而在其他的年分，太阳表面会剧烈翻腾，出现大量的太阳黑子，并经常发生日冕物质抛射和日闪（耀斑）。太阳表面因为对磁学性质的改变作出反应，每11年，会经历一次相对平静的太阳极小期及一次相对动荡的极大期。左侧主题影片所呈现的是2019年底的一个月，当时太阳处在极小期附近，右侧则是2014年的一个月，太阳处在极大期附近。这部影片是由美国航太总署的太阳动态观测卫星（SDO）摄于远紫外光波段。太阳正在向2025年的极大期迈进，不过即使是现在，太阳表面已出现令人惊讶的高活动量。