Tall plumes of white vapor rise from the rocky Venusian surface in this April 19, 1977, artist’s concept.
NASA/Rick Guidice
Tall plumes of white vapor rise from the rocky Venusian surface in this April 19, 1977, artist’s concept. A little over a year later, NASA’s Pioneer Venus 1 would launch as the first of a two-spacecraft orbiter-probe combination designed to study the atmosphere of Venus.
The first American spacecraft to orbit Venus, Pioneer Venus 1 used radar to map the surface of Venus. The probe found Venus to be generally smoother than Earth, though with a mountain higher than Mt. Everest and a chasm deeper than the Grand Canyon.
Thanks to exploration by Pioneer Venus 1 and other spacecraft like Magellan, Galileo, Cassini, and even the Parker Solar Probe, we now have a much better view of what the surface of Venus looks like.
Image credit: NASA/Rick Guidice
在这幅1977年4月19日的艺术构想图中,高耸的白色蒸汽羽流从金星崎岖的表面升起。
影像来源: NASA/Rick Guidice
在这幅1977年4月19日的艺术构想图中,高耸的白色蒸汽羽流从金星崎岖的表面升起。一年多后,NASA的先锋金星1号(Pioneer Venus 1)发射升空,成为首个专门用于研究金星大气的双航天器探测任务之一。
作为第一颗进入金星轨道的美国航天器,先锋金星1号使用雷达对金星表面进行了测绘。探测结果表明,金星整体比地球更加平坦,但它仍拥有一座比珠穆朗玛峰更高的山脉,以及一个比科罗拉多大峡谷更深的裂谷。
得益于先锋金星1号,以及麦哲伦号(Magellan)、伽利略号(Galileo)、卡西尼号(Cassini),甚至帕克太阳探测器(Parker Solar Probe)等多个航天器的探索,我们如今对金星表面的景观有了更清晰的认知。
影像来源: NASA/Rick Guidice